1.1 本指南涵盖了通过光学和电子显微镜制备用于微观结构检查的塑料和聚合物试样的推荐程序和指南。 1.2 本指南适用于大多数半刚性和刚性塑料，包括工程塑料。本指南也适用于一些非刚性塑料。 1.3 本指南中介绍的程序和指南通常能产生令人满意的样本。本指南不描述解决个别问题所需的各种技术。 1.4 有许多关于塑料和聚合物研磨和抛光的详细说明 ( 1- 7. ) . 2. 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 制造材料（尤其是塑料和聚合物）微观结构检查的基本目标之一是更全面地了解制造过程、材料的微观结构和纹理以及产品性能（即物理、光学或机械性能或其组合）之间的关系。在几乎所有情况下，样本的正确选择和制备至关重要。 4.2 由于可用设备范围广泛；材料的物理、化学和机械性能；个人因素，标本制备是一门基于科学原理的艺术。然而，与金相试样制备一样，某些方法、实践和程序可用于常规生产可接受质量的塑料和聚合物试样，用于微观结构检查。可接受质量是指: 4.2.1 观察到的微观结构没有热、机械和化学变化、伪影、损伤或试样制备过程中产生的缺陷。 4.2.2 适合使用显微镜技术的表面光洁度。 4.2.3 给定试样的微观结构可重复显示。 4.3 本指南中的安装、切片、研磨和抛光程序可能会在准备进行微观结构检查的材料上引入热应力、机械应力和化学应力。 因此，了解材料的物理、机械和化学特性对于选择最合适的技术以揭示其真实微观结构和最小化生产高质量抛光试样所需的步骤总数至关重要。 4.4 对于要制备的每种类型的塑料或聚合物，需要修改下面介绍的一般指南。 表X1.1 介绍了制备塑料和聚合物的一般程序。 表X1.2- X1.5 介绍了制备四种具有不同机械性能的聚合物的程序。

1.1 This guide covers recommended procedures and guidelines for the preparation of plastic and polymeric specimens for microstructural examination by light and electron microscopy. 1.2 This guide is applicable to most semi-rigid and rigid plastics, including engineering plastics. This guide is also applicable to some non-rigid plastics. 1.3 The procedures and guidelines presented in this guide are those which generally produce satisfactory specimens. This guide does not describe the variations in techniques required to solve individual problems. 1.4 Many detailed descriptions of grinding and polishing of plastics and polymers are available ( 1- 7 ) . 2 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 One of the fundamental objectives of microstructural examination of manufactured materials, especially plastics and polymers, is to gain a more complete understanding of the relationships between the manufacturing processes, the microstructure and texture of the material, and the product's performance (that is, physical, optical, or mechanical properties, or combination thereof). Under nearly all conditions, the proper selection and preparation of the specimen are of major importance. 4.2 Because of the wide range of available equipment; physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of materials; and the personal element, specimen preparation is an art based upon scientific principles. However, like metallographic specimen preparation, certain methods, practices, and procedures can be used to routinely produce acceptable quality plastic and polymeric specimens for microstructural examination. Acceptable quality means: 4.2.1 The observed microstructure is free of thermal, mechanical, and chemical alterations, artifacts, damage, or defects resulting from the specimen preparation process. 4.2.2 A surface finish appropriate for the microscopical techniques to be used. 4.2.3 The microstructure is reproducibly displayed for a given specimen. 4.3 The mounting, sectioning, grinding, and polishing procedures in this guide may introduce thermal, mechanical, and chemical stresses on the material being prepared for microstructural examination. Thus, knowledge of the material's physical, mechanical, and chemical properties is of importance in selecting the most appropriate technique(s) to reveal its true microstructure and to minimize the total number of steps needed to produce high quality polished specimens. 4.4 The general guidelines presented below will need to be modified for each type of plastic or polymer to be prepared. Table X1.1 presents general procedures for preparing plastics and polymers. Tables X1.2- X1.5 present procedures for preparing four polymers with very different mechanical properties.