1.1 本试验方法包括测定用于润滑和液压目的的新油和在用油中的颗粒浓度和粒度分布。 1.2 考虑的粒子范围为4 µm （c） 至200 µm （c） 上限取决于所使用的特定自动粒子计数器。 注1: 在本试验方法中，未被稀释程序遮盖的水滴被检测为颗粒，凝聚颗粒被检测并报告为单个较大颗粒。 注2: 下标 （c） 用于表示仪器已根据ISO 11171进行校准。此下标 （c） 严格来说，仅适用于50%以下的颗粒 µm。 1.3 可通过本试验方法分析的润滑剂分为石油产品或合成产品，例如:聚α-烯烃、聚亚烷基二醇或磷酸酯。适用粘度范围高达1000 毫米 2. /s在40 °C。该程序可能适用于精度声明中未包括的其他石油和合成基润滑剂。 1.4 含有可见颗粒的样品可能不适合使用本试验方法进行分析。 1.5 稀释后不透明的样品不适合使用本试验方法进行分析。 1.6 该测试方法针对使用消光原理的自动粒子计数器，并根据最新版本的ISO 11171进行校准。 1.7 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法适用于分析实验室，包括现场在用油分析实验室。 5.2 润滑或流体动力系统中的硬颗粒对系统有不利影响，因为它们会导致操作部件磨损，并加速油的降解。油中的硬颗粒来自各种来源，包括工作流体系统内的生成或污染，可能在储存和处理新油期间或通过进入工作流体系统发生。 5.3 高浓度的污染物会导致过滤器堵塞，硬颗粒会加速磨损和侵蚀，严重影响泵、活塞、齿轮、轴承和其他运动部件的寿命。 5.4 颗粒计数结果可用于帮助评估负责清洗流体的过滤系统的能力，确定是否需要离线再循环过滤来清洗流体系统，或帮助决定是否需要更换流体。 5.5 为了准确测量硬颗粒污染水平，有必要否定由于存在少量游离水而导致的颗粒计数。该方法包括一个过程，通过该过程可以使用水掩蔽稀释剂技术来实现，其中尺寸低于目标水平的水滴被精细分布。 5.6 某些添加剂或添加剂- 半不溶或不溶于油的产品，即聚二甲基硅氧烷消泡剂添加剂和氧化副产品，已知会在自动粒子计数器中引起光散射，进而导致计数过高。这些材料和类似材料通常被称为“软颗粒”（参见 3.1.6 )并且不知道会直接增加操作系统内的磨损和侵蚀。这种方法抵消了这些颗粒对粒径累积计数的贡献。 5.7 本试验方法中稀释的使用抵消了高粘度油的粘度效应，影响了自动光学颗粒计数结果的准确性。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes. 1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm (c) to 200 µm (c) with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used. Note 1: For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle. Note 2: The subscript (c) is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript (c) strictly only applies to particles up to 50 µm. 1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm 2 /s at 40 °C. This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement. 1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method. 1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method. 1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according to the latest revision of ISO 11171. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories. 5.2 Hard particles in lubricating or fluid power systems have a detrimental effect on the system as they cause operating components to wear and also accelerate the degradation of the oil. Hard particles in the oil originate from a variety of sources including generation from within an operating fluid system or contamination, which may occur during the storage and handling of new oils or via ingress into an operating fluid system. 5.3 High levels of contaminants can cause filter blockages and hard particles can have a serious impact on the life of pumps, pistons, gears, bearings, and other moving parts by accelerating wear and erosion. 5.4 Particle count results can be used to aid in assessing the capability of the filtration system responsible for cleaning the fluid, determining if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean up the fluid system, or aiding in the decision of whether or not a fluid change is required. 5.5 To accurately measure hard particle contamination levels, it is necessary to negate the particle counts contributed by the presence of small levels of free water. This method includes a process by which this can be accomplished using a water-masking diluent technique whereby water droplets of a size below the target level are finely distributed. 5.6 Certain additives or additive by-products that are semi-insoluble or insoluble in oil, namely the polydimethylsiloxane defoamant additive and oxidation by-products, are known to cause light scattering in automatic particle counters, which in turn causes falsely high counts. These and similar materials are commonly termed “soft particles” (see 3.1.6 ) and are not known to directly increase wear and erosion within an operating system. The contribution of these particles to the particle size cumulative count is negated with this method. 5.7 The use of dilution in this test method counteracts viscosity effects for highly viscous oils that impact the accuracy of automatic optical particle counting results.