本文件规定了使用液体闪烁计数（LSC）测定α和β发射放射性核素的总α和总β放射性浓度的方法。该方法适用于干残渣小于5g\/l的所有类型的水，并且无需校正颜色猝灭。总α和总β放射性测量不是为了绝对测定测试样品中所有α和β放射性核素的放射性浓度，而是一种筛选分析，以确保未超过特定α和β辐射源的特定参考水平。这种类型的测定也被称为总α和β指数。在放射性化学分离后，总的α和β分析预计不会像特定的放射性核素分析那样准确或精确。该方法包括80℃以下的非挥发性放射性核素，因为在源制备过程中可能会丢失一些气态或挥发性放射性核素（例如氡和放射性碘）。本方法适用于对饮用水、雨水、地表水、地下水以及冷却水、工业水、生活污水、工业废水等样品进行适当取样和试样制备（必要时过滤，并考虑水中溶解物质的量）后的检测。本文件所述的方法适用于紧急情况，因为不经任何处理，直接测量试水样品可在4小时内获得结果。实验室有责任确保本试验方法适用于所测水样。

This document specifies a method for the determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The method is applicable to all types of waters with a dry residue of less than 5 g/l and when no correction for colour quenching is necessary. Gross alpha and gross beta activity measurement is not intended to give an absolute determination of the activity concentration of all alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides in a test sample, but is a screening analysis to ensure particular reference levels of specific alpha and beta emitters have not been exceeded. This type of determination is also known as gross alpha and beta index. Gross alpha and beta analysis is not expected to be as accurate nor as precise as specific radionuclide analysis after radiochemical separations. The method covers non-volatile radionuclides below 80 °C, since some gaseous or volatile radionuclides (e.g. radon and radioiodine) can be lost during the source preparation. The method is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rain water, surface and ground water as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic and industrial waste water after proper sampling and test sample preparation (filtration when necessary and taking into account the amount of dissolved material in the water). The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation, because the results can be obtained in less than 4 h by directly measuring water test samples without any treatment. It is the laboratory's responsibility to ensure the suitability of this test method for the water samples tested.