1.1 本规程描述了从爆炸物事件中回收的无烟粉末的表征和分析程序 ( 1. , 2. ) , 2. 含有枪弹残留物的材料或物体 ( 3. ) 当存在可见颗粒或散装粉末样品时。 1.2 无烟粉末的特征是形状、颜色、纹理、制造工具标记、标记、尺寸测量和化学成分 ( 4- 6. ) . 1.3 无烟粉末是一种被归类为低爆炸性或推进剂的高能材料。无烟粉末可进一步分为单基、双基或三基。 1.4 当不存在可见的无烟粉末颗粒时，对爆炸后碎片和含有枪弹残留物的物品进行分析超出了本规程的范围。 1.5 本规程将为使用各种仪器技术（如气相色谱法）分析无烟粉末的有机成分提供指南- 质谱、液相色谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱学。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.7 本标准涉及低爆炸物和潜在其他高能材料的处理。强烈建议分析员接受高能材料储存和安全处理方面的培训，并熟悉炸药的特性和危险。 1.8 本标准不能取代通过适当教育、培训和经验获得的知识、技能或能力，应与良好的专业判断结合使用。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本规程为无烟粉末的特性确定了指南，无烟粉末可作为简易爆炸装置的炸药或作为推进剂，例如用于小武器弹药和军用弹药。 5.2 本规程规定了无烟粉末分类所需的最低标准。 5.3 无烟粉末的形态是用于分类和识别目的的一个显著特征。 5.4 将可疑样品鉴定为无烟粉末（即推进剂或低爆炸物）不需要鉴定除硝化纤维素以外的无烟粉末的化学成分。 5.5 识别与无烟粉末相关的有机化合物是将无烟粉末样品分为单基、双基或三基的要求- 基础 5.6 本文件中未提及的其他分析技术可用于无烟粉末的表征和分析。 5.7 通过品牌名称或两种或两种以上被质疑的无烟粉末的相互比较，将被质疑的无烟粉末与独特的无烟粉末产品相关联的要求超出了本文件的范围 ( 13- 15 ) . 5.8 在没有完整或部分颗粒的情况下识别无烟粉末残留物超出了本文件的范围。

1.1 This practice describes procedures for characterization and analysis of smokeless powders recovered from explosives incidents ( 1 , 2 ) , 2 materials or objects containing gunshot residue ( 3 ) when visible grains are present, or bulk samples of powder. 1.2 Smokeless powder is characterized by shape, color, texture, manufacturing toolmarks, markers, dimensional measurements, and chemical composition ( 4- 6 ) . 1.3 Smokeless powder is an energetic material classified as a low explosive or propellant. Smokeless powder can be further classified as single-base, double-base, or triple-base. 1.4 Analysis of post-blast debris and items containing gunshot residue when visible grains of smokeless powder are not present is beyond the scope of this practice. 1.5 This practice will provide guidelines for the analysis of organic components of smokeless powders using various instrumental techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard involves handling of low explosives and potentially other energetic materials. It is strongly suggested that an analyst be trained in the storage and safe handling of energetic materials and be familiar with the properties and hazards of explosives. 1.8 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice establishes guidelines for the characterization of smokeless powder which can be used as an explosive for improvised explosive devices or as a propellant, such as for small arms ammunition and for military ordnance. 5.2 This practice establishes the minimum criteria necessary to classify smokeless powders. 5.3 The morphology of smokeless powder is a distinct characteristic used for classification and identification purposes. 5.4 The identification of a questioned sample as smokeless powder (that is, it is a propellant or low explosive) does not require the identification of chemical components of a smokeless powder other than nitrocellulose. 5.5 Identification of organic compounds associated with smokeless powders is a requirement to classify a smokeless powder sample as single-base, double-base, or triple-base. 5.6 Additional analytical techniques may be available that are not mentioned within this document that are acceptable for the characterization and analysis of smokeless powders. 5.7 The requirements to associate a questioned smokeless powder to a unique smokeless powder product by brand name or intercomparison of two or more questioned powders are beyond the scope of this document ( 13- 15 ) . 5.8 The identification of smokeless powder residue in the absence of whole or partial grains is beyond the scope of this document.