本文探讨了城市超市如果结合先进的技术可以节约多少水的问题 冷却系统和其他存储设备的水处理用于节约用水。这项研究是在美国南部进行的 根据加州水资源部的拨款和五个水区的支持。蒸发冷却器 这项研究集中在三个水处理系统上，这三个系统承诺允许 冷却器以更高的浓度循环运行，从而减少排放所需的水量。 理论计算 研究表明，如果浓缩周期延长，每年平均可节约约490 kgal的水 从最初的水平提高到最低6.0。在实践中，观察到的节约比这稍微大一些，至少 每年约700公斤。然而，在研究的三个过程中，只有碱度控制程序成功地避免了 规模问题。这些场所的经济效益显示了转化为深度处理（如碱度控制）的成本效益比 证明了这一过程的合理性，平均为2.1到7.6。然而，在监控该项目时需要一定的谨慎，以避免 磷酸盐和硫酸盐垢的并发症。这些商店的其他节水措施包括使用限流器 高效曝气器用于所有喷雾器清洗水龙头，消除垃圾研磨机，使用高压清洗机清洗地板 肉类部门负责清洗，并鼓励员工通知管理层泄漏和废水。本文的总体结论如下: 这项研究表明，通过积极的计划，在未来一段时间内，每家商店平均可以节省800千克铝，或2.5华氏度 南加州地区。包括表格，如图所示。

This paper addresses the question of how much water could be saved in urban supermarkets if a combination of advanced water treatment for the cooling systems and other in-store devices were used to conserve water. The study was conducted in Southern California under a grant from the California Department of Water Resources, and support from five water districts. Evaporative coolers are the single largest water use in most supermarkets, and this study focused on three water treatment systems that promised to allow the coolers to operate at higher cycles of concentration, thus reducing the amount of water needed for bleed. Theoretical calculations indicated that it might be possible to save approximately 490 kgal of water per year on average if the cycles of concentration were increased from their starting levels to a minimum of 6.0. In practice, the observed savings were somewhat larger than this, at approximately 700 kgal per year. Of the three processes studied, however, only the alkalinity control program succeeded in avoiding scale problems. The economics of the sites showed cost benefit ratios of converting to advanced treatment (like alkalinity control) justified the process, averaging 2.1 to 7.6. A certain amount of care is needed in monitoring the program, however, in order to avoid complications from phosphate and sulfate scales. Other water conservation measures for these stores included use of flow restrictors and high efficiency aerators for all sprayers washing faucets, elimination of garbage grinders, use of high pressure washers for floor and meat department washing and encouraging employees to notify management of leaks and water waste. The overall conclusion of the study was that with an aggressive program it should be possible to save up to 800 kgal, or 2.5 af, per store on average over the Southern California area. Includes tables, figure.