The contact-time tables of the US Environmental Protection Agency are based on survival data obtained in buffered demand-free water. However, disinfection data from experiments conducted at Drexel University showed that the choice of source water influences the degree of inactivation. Sophisticated disinfection kinetic models and statistical tests are used to analyze the sources of these discrepancies. This article demonstrates that the quality of a particular source water is a significant factor in predicting disinfection effectiveness. Includes 18 references, tables, figures.