1.1 本指南介绍了从靠近油气勘探与生产（E&P）作业的家庭或商业水井中获取代表性地下水样本的方法。勘探与生产作业包括但不限于现场准备、钻井、完井和油井增产（包括水力压裂）以及生产活动。目标是从家用或商用水井中获取代表性地下水样本，用于确定基线地下水质量和可能确定的任何后续变化。虽然本指南侧重于石油和天然气勘探与生产活动中的基线取样，但推荐的原则和实践基于在其他工业环境中使用多年的成熟方法。 本指南建议采用采样和分析测试程序，以识别存在的各种化学物质，包括金属、溶解气体（如甲烷）、碳氢化合物（和其他有机化合物）以及整体水质。 1.2 本指南提供了典型住宅和商业供水井系统的信息，以及制定和实施采样计划的指南，包括确定采样位置、建议的清洗技术、潜在分析和实验室认证的选择、数据管理和完整性。它还包括关于人身安全的指导。所含信息涉及在开始任何可能对当地含水层造成潜在风险的活动之前进行的基线采样、在此类工作期间和之后进行的定期采样以及对该地区已知或潜在地下水成分的持续监测。 本指南不涉及与采样频率或时间或与井口的采样距离有关的政策问题。此外，它不涉及报告限制、样品保存、保持时间、实验室质量控制、监管行动水平或分析结果的解释。 1.3 这些指南无意取代或取代监管要求和技术方法或指南，也无意通过引用将这些指南纳入法规。如果本指南与法定或监管要求相冲突，从业人员应遵守后者。这些指南旨在帮助制定抽样计划，以满足项目目标。然而，现场特定条件、监管要求、现场- 具体的健康和安全问题、技术手册和指令以及计划数据质量目标应与本指南中包含的每个现场和采样计划的信息一起进行评估和咨询。 1.4 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。 本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.5 用户负责调查和确定适用于采样地点的所有法律法规要求。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 供水井为家庭、家庭、商业、农业或工业用途提供地下水。 4.2 使用基于现有行业标准或批准的监管方法和程序的标准化协议从供水井收集水样对于获得代表性水质数据至关重要。 这些数据对于保护用水和人类健康以及在发生变化时确定变化至关重要。使用本指南将帮助项目团队设计和执行有效的供水采样方案。 4.3 在设计抽样方案之前，了解抽样方案的目标很重要。可能出于各种原因对供水进行采样，包括以下任何或所有原因: (1) 相关操作前的基线采样， (2) 此类操作期间的定期采样， (3) 对水质变化的调查反应，或 (4) 与该地区已知或潜在地下水成分相关的持续监测。 采样计划应基于这些目标，并与潜在实验室协调制定，以确保其程序、能力和限制满足计划的需要，保护人类健康并满足监管要求。

1.1 This guide presents a methodology for obtaining representative groundwater samples from domestic or commercial water wells that are in proximity to oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) operations. E&P operations include, but are not necessarily limited to, site preparation, drilling, completion, and well stimulation (including hydraulic fracturing), and production activities. The goal is to obtain representative groundwater samples from domestic or commercial water wells that can be used to identify the baseline groundwater quality and any subsequent changes that may be identified. While this guide focuses on baseline sampling in conjunction with oil and gas E&P activities, the principles and practices recommended are based on well-established methods that have been in use for many years in other industrial situations. This guide recommends sampling and analytical testing procedures that can identify various chemical species present including metals, dissolved gases (such as methane), hydrocarbons (and other organic compounds), as well as overall water quality. 1.2 This guide provides information on typical residential and commercial water supply well systems and guidance on developing and implementing a sampling program, including determining sampling locations, suggested purging techniques, selection of potential analyses and laboratory certifications, data management, and integrity. It also includes guidance on personal safety. The information included pertains to baseline sampling before beginning any activities that could present potential risks to local aquifers, periodic sampling during and after such work, and ongoing monitoring relating to known or potential groundwater constituents in the area. This guide does not address policy issues related to frequency or timing of sampling or sampling distances from the wellhead. In addition, it does not address reporting limits, sample preservation, holding times, laboratory quality control, regulatory action levels, or interpretation of analytical results. 1.3 These guidelines are not intended to replace or supersede regulatory requirements and technical methodology or guidance nor are these guidelines intended for inclusion by reference in regulations. Instances where this guide is in conflict with statutory or regulatory requirements, practitioners shall defer to the latter. These guidelines are intended to assist in developing sampling programs to meet project goals and objectives. However, site-specific conditions, regulatory requirements, site-specific health and safety issues, technical manuals and directives, and program data quality objectives should be evaluated and consulted along with the information contained in this guide for each individual site and sampling program. 1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.5 Users are responsible for investigating and identifying all the legal and regulatory requirements that are applicable for the location where the sampling is being performed. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 A supply well provides groundwater for household, domestic, commercial, agricultural, or industrial uses. 4.2 Using a standardized protocol based on an existing industry standard or approved regulatory methods and procedures to collect water samples from a supply well is essential to obtain representative water quality data. These data can be critical to efforts to protect water uses, and human health, and identify changes when they occur. Use of this guide will help the project team to design and execute an effective water supply sampling program. 4.3 It is important to understand the objectives of the sampling program before designing it. Water supplies may be sampled for various reasons including any or all of the following: (1) baseline sampling before an operation of concern, (2) periodic sampling during such an operation, (3) investigative responses to perceived changes in water quality, or (4) ongoing monitoring related to known or potential groundwater constituents of concern in the area. Sampling programs should be based on these objectives and be developed in coordination with the prospective laboratory(ies) to ensure its procedures, capabilities, and limitations meet the needs of the program, protect human health and fulfill regulatory requirements.