1.1 这些实践包括新电气绝缘液体的采样，包括油、askarels、硅酮、合成液体和天然酯绝缘液体，以及电缆、变压器、断路器和其他电气设备中正在使用或随后使用的绝缘液体。这些做法适用于粘度低于6.476×10的液体 -4 m 2. /在40°C（104°F）条件下为0.5 s（540 cSt）。 1.2 取电绝缘液体的代表性样品作为试样，以便确定与使用相关的质量。如果需要，可以确定给定容器不同部分的质量或整个散货的平均质量。 1.3 适用时，以国际单位制表示的数值视为标准。在没有国际单位制等效物的情况下，使用英寸-磅单位。 1.4 这些实践还包括油中溶解气体采样（DGA）的特殊技术和设备( D3612 )，水( D1533 )和粒子( D6786 ). 1.5 为了便于使用，本文件的索引如下: 章节标题 章节/段落 强制性条件和一般信息 部分 5. 取样装置和容器的说明 部分 6. , 附件A1 , 附录X2 电气设备最常用的采样技术 使用瓶子从电气设备中采集样本 还有罐头 部分 7. , 附录X1 , 附录X2 使用玻璃从电气设备中采集样本 注射器（DGA和水分析） 部分 8. 使用从电气设备中采集样本 不锈钢气瓶（DGA和水分析） 部分 9 罐、桶、罐车、罐车和 小型电气设备 使用Dip型装置（滚筒窃贼）取样 部分 10 使用压力型装置取样 部分 11 附件 A1.1 使用罐车式装置取样 部分 12 附件 A1.2 采样电缆馈线 强制性条件 部分 13 一般注意事项 部分 14 使用歧管式装置进行采样 部分 15 附件 A1.3 采样的清洁、准备、储存和处理 容器 部分 16 样品的储存、包装和运输 部分 17 采样装置的清洁和储存 部分 18 样本信息 部分 19 采样装置强制性信息建设 附件A1 电气设备温度的测定 附录X1 样本容器类型 附录X2 1.6 根据该国现有的联邦和地方法规处理含有多氯联苯（PCBs）的askarels。 例如，美国有关多氯联苯的联邦法规可在40 CFR第761部分中找到。 1.7 按照采样国家的地方和州规定，妥善存放、包装和处置因使用这些做法而产生的任何液体或材料。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 具体警告声明见 1.6 , 1.7 部分 5. , 10.1 , 13.2 , 15.2.3 部分 16 和 18.2 . 这些做法涉及与被采样的电气绝缘液体以及用于清洁采样工具和设备的液体和其他材料密切接触。 必要时，或出于个人安全考虑，使用个人防护装备（PPE）。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 从评估取样液体绝缘材料质量的角度来看，准确取样，无论是完整内容物还是仅部分内容物，都极其重要。显然，由于采样程序粗心或采样设备中的污染，对试样的检查不具有直接代表性，会导致有关质量的错误结论，此外还会导致在固定、运输和测试样品方面的时间、精力和费用损失。 4.2 对变压器和其他电力设备绝缘油中所含气体和水分的研究通常可以早期指示设备的异常行为，并可能表明在设备遭受更大损坏之前对其采取适当的措施。 具体的气体和水分含量可以从为此目的取样的油中确定。

1.1 These practices cover sampling of new electrical insulating liquids including oils, askarels, silicones, synthetic liquids, and natural ester insulating liquids as well as those insulating liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables, transformers, circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus. These practices apply to liquids having a viscosity of less than 6.476 × 10 -4 m 2 /s (540 cSt) at 40°C (104°F). 1.2 Representative samples of electrical insulating liquids are taken for test specimens so that the quality pertinent to their use may be determined. The quality in different portions of a given container, or the average quality of the whole bulk may be ascertained if desired. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard where applicable. Inch pound units are used where there is no SI equivalent. 1.4 These practices also include special techniques and devices for sampling for dissolved gases-in-oil (DGA) ( D3612 ), water ( D1533 ) and particles ( D6786 ). 1.5 For ease of use, this document has been indexed as follows: Section Title Section/Paragraph Mandatory Conditions and General Information Section 5 Description of Sampling Devices and Containers Section 6 , Annex A1 , Appendix X2 Most Frequently Used Sampling Techniques for Electrical Apparatus Collecting Samples from Electrical Equipment Using Bottles  and Cans Section 7 , Appendix X1 , Appendix X2 Collecting Samples from Electrical Equipment Using Glass  Syringes (DGA and Water Analysis) Section 8 Collecting Samples from Electrical Equipment Using  Stainless Steel Cylinders (DGA and Water Analysis) Section 9 Sampling of Cans, Drums, Tank Cars, Tank Trucks and  Small Electrical Equipment Sampling Using the Dip-Type Device (drum thief) Section 10 Sampling Using the Pressure-Type Device Section 11 , Annex A1.1 Sampling Using the Tank Car-Type Device Section 12 , Annex A1.2 Sampling Cable Feeders Mandatory Conditions Section 13 General Considerations Section 14 Sampling Using the Manifold-Type Device Section 15 , Annex A1.3 Cleaning, Preparation, Storage, and Handling of Sampling  Containers Section 16 Storage, Packaging and Shipping of Samples Section 17 Cleaning and Storage of Sampling Devices Section 18 Sample Information Section 19 Mandatory Information—Construction of Sampling Devices Annex A1 Determination of Electrical Apparatus Temperature Appendix X1 Sample Container Types Appendix X2 1.6 Handle askarels containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) according to federal and local regulations existing for that country. For example, the federal regulations concerning PCBs in the United States can be found in 40 CFR Part 761. 1.7 Properly contain, package and dispose of any liquid or material resulting from the use of these practices in a manner that is in accordance with local and state regulations specific to the country in which the samples are taken. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 1.6 , 1.7 , Section 5 , 10.1 , 13.2 , 15.2.3 , Section 16 , and 18.2 . These practices involve close contact with the electrical insulating liquids being sampled as well as liquids and other materials used to clean the sampling tools and devices. When required, or as a matter of diligence to personal safety, use personal protective equipment (PPE). ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents or only parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpoint of evaluating the quality of the liquid insulant sampled. Obviously, examination of a test specimen that, because of careless sampling procedure or contamination in sampling equipment, is not directly representative, leads to erroneous conclusions concerning quality and in addition results in a loss of time, effort, and expense in securing, transporting, and testing the sample. 4.2 A study of gases and moisture contained in insulating oils from transformers and other electrical power apparatus can frequently give an early indication of abnormal behavior of the apparatus, and may indicate appropriate action be taken on the equipment before it suffers greater damage. Specific gas and moisture content can be determined from oil sampled for this purpose.