本文综述了水锤问题的原因、影响和解决方法。讨论了以下主题:水锤的基本现象；摩擦梯度的影响；蒸汽柱分离；通常会导致不良瞬态的事件，如泵启动、泵电源故障、阀门运动和浪涌保护装置的不当操作；以及喘振控制装置，如真空断路器空气释放阀、安全阀、立管或喘振罐，以及气瓶（也称为蓄能器或封闭式喘振罐）。文中给出了水锤问题的实例和解决方法。包括15个参考文献、图表。

This article reviews the causes and effects of and solutions to water hammer problems. The following topics are addressed: basic phenomena of water hammer; the effects of a friction gradient; vapor column separation; events that typically cause undesirable transients such as pump startup, pump power failure, valve motion, and improper operation of surge protection devices; and surge control devices such as vacuum breaker-air release valves, relief valves, standpipes or surge tanks, and air bottles (also known as accumulators or closed surge tanks). Examples of water hammer problems and solutions to the problems are presented. Includes 15 references, figures.