水处理行业一直面临着平衡化学物质的艰巨任务 以及与饮用水污染物相关的微生物风险。例如，更高剂量的自由基 从微生物的角度来看，氯可以使更多的病原体失活，从而使水更安全，但是 由于消毒副产物（DBPs）的增加，水的化学安全性将受到影响，DBPs被怀疑是人类致癌物。许多供水设施很快将被迫关闭 修改其处理流程，以符合新的联邦和州法规。生物过滤是 一种已被证明能降低DBP和其他化学污染物的成品水位的工艺，以及 该研究团队最近的实验结果表明，生物过滤器的去除能力增强 颗粒，包括隐孢子虫卵囊。基于生物过滤器在以下方面的优势: 无论是化学安全还是微生物安全，可以预见，许多公用事业公司可能很快希望改用 生物过滤。适当的过滤器反洗对于维持任何过滤器的性能至关重要 颗粒介质过滤器，反洗对于生物过滤器来说更为重要，因为其行为 培养基上的生物膜。这对于维持有机物和病原体的增强也是必不可少的 移除。根据实验结果对传统过滤器和生物过滤器进行了区分 证据，并用微观力模型方法解释，包括水化力和 天生的排斥。包括34个参考文献、表格、图表。

The water treatment industry is constantly faced with the difficult task of balancing the chemical and microbial risks associated with drinking water contaminants. For example, higher doses of free chlorine may make water safer from the microbial perspective by inactivating more pathogens, but the chemical safety of the water will be compromised due to the increased production of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which are suspected human carcinogens. Many water utilities will soon be forced to modify their treatment process to comply with new federal and state regulations. Biological filtration is a process already proven to reduce finished water levels of DBPs and other chemical contaminants, and the recent experimental results of this research team indicates an enhanced ability of biofilters to remove particles, including Cryptosporidium oocysts. Based on the advantages of biological filters in terms of both chemical and microbial safety, it is foreseeable that many utilities may soon wish to switch to biological filtration. Proper filter backwashing is essential to maintaining the performance of any granular media filter, and backwashing is even more important to biological filters due to the behavior of the biofilm on the media. It is also essential for maintaining enhanced organic and pathogen removals. Distinctions between conventional and biological filters are made based on experimental evidence and explained with a microscopic force model approach that includes hydration forces and Born repulsion. Includes 34 references, tables, figures.