Many utilities are concerned about the performance of their treatment systems as a result of recent Cryptosporidium outbreaks in the United States and Canada. The most responsive course of action a utility can take at this time is to ensure that its treatment facilities are operating at as close to optimum efficiency for pathogen removal and disinfection as possible. Currently, the best measure of efficiency for removal of parasites such as Cryptosporidium is assessing plant performance for turbidity and particle removal. This article reviews a number of performance evaluation procedures as well as results derived from evaluation and process improvement programs initiated by water utilities. A thorough treatment plant evaluation and improvement program is the best way to ensure pathogen-free drinking water. Includes 9 references, tables.