1.1 本指南介绍了使用漏油分散剂来帮助控制漏油。该指南旨在最大限度地减少石油泄漏对环境的影响；这一目标是提出建议的基础。美学和社会经济因素没有被考虑在内，尽管这些和其他因素在泄漏反应中往往很重要。 1.2 漏油应急人员有多种方法可以控制或清理漏油。化学分散剂应与其他泄漏对策同等考虑。 1.3 这只是一个通用指南。本指南中使用的石油包括原油和精炼石油产品。不考虑单个分散剂之间或不同油品之间的差异。应评估油与所选分散剂的分散性。 1.4 该指南按栖息地类型组织，例如，小池塘和湖泊、河流和溪流以及土地。它认为使用分散剂主要是为了保护栖息地免受影响（或尽量减少影响）。 1.5 本指南仅适用于淡水和其他内陆环境。它不考虑将分散剂直接应用于地下水。 1.6 在做出分散剂使用决定时，应根据法律要求咨询相关政府部门。 1.7 本指南不涉及获得监管部门批准的问题。 1.8 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.9 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 本指南旨在帮助可能在泄漏响应计划和泄漏事件中使用本指南的响应团队。 3.2 本指南应适应现场具体情况。

1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. 1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated. 1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts). 1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters. 1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events. 3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.