1.1 本指南涵盖了选择用于回收海洋溢油的撇油器系统的注意事项。本指南的目的是为溢油响应规划人员、设备制造商、用户和政府机构提供关于从海洋环境中清除石油的设备选择过程的标准。 1.2 本指南不涉及溢出控制设备与溢出产品的兼容性。用户有责任确保选择的任何设备与预期产品和条件兼容。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南旨在促进地方、区域和国家泄漏响应团队的漏油响应设备选择过程。其目的不是定义严格的设备标准集。 4.2 所选设备的有效性取决于所遇到的石油类型和环境以及其他因素。本指南旨在供一般熟悉漏油清理操作实践方面的人员使用，包括现场响应协调员、规划师、漏油管理团队、漏油清理组织和计划评估员。 4.3 本指南介绍了11种一般类型的撇油系统。每个描述包括工作原理总结和选择注意事项列表。 4.4 包括选择注意事项，以指导用户选择特定的撇油器类型或类别。用户应注意，在每个类别中，各种撇油器的性能可能存在很大差异。 4.5 在极冷条件下选择撇沫器时，应考虑撇沫器结冰的影响、浮力的变化、入口的可能限制以及液压效率的变化。由于撇油器在极端温度下的性能可能会有很大的变化，即使在给定的类别内，环境温度也不包括在选择考虑范围内。

1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment. 1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards. 4.2 The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s) encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill removal organizations, and plan evaluators. 4.3 Eleven general types of skimming systems are described in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the operating principle and a list of selection considerations. 4.4 Selection considerations are included to guide the user on the selection of a particular skimmer type or category. Users are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide variation in performance among various skimmers. 4.5 When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice forming on the skimmer, changes in buoyancy, possible restriction of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient temperature is not included as a selection consideration.