1.范围1。1目的本指南旨在提供对ISO 14001要求的清晰理解，以便各组织能够在一致的基础上设计、实施和审核环境管理体系。本指南主要供从事EMS审计的经验丰富的登记员和审计员使用，用于登记、自我声明或内部评估。本指南试图提高不同登记员和审计员之间的审计一致性，从而提供对审计结果的更多依赖。 这将提高ISO 14001实施的完整性和信心，以及由此产生的环境效益。1.2模仿本指南的目的不是增加或减少ISO 14001的要求，其目的是澄清标准的预期含义。已努力避免ISO 14001附录A《规范使用指南》的重复，该指南被添加到标准中，明确目的是为其使用提供指南。为了帮助实现这一点，在本指南中，ISO 14001附录A的相关章节如ISO 14001要求（第4条）的相应要求章节所示。 尽管本指南主要是为了满足注册员或审核员的解释需求而设计的，但所提供的指南可以使实施环境管理体系的组织更好地理解ISO 14001的要求，以及审核员可能如何进行环境管理体系审核。尽可能避免列举可能被视为限制性的例子。相反，重点一直放在开发清晰简洁的解释上，这有助于保持最初纳入ISO 14001的灵活性。 本文件应与环境审核文件（ISO 14001-96、ISO 14004-96、ISO 14010-96、ISO 14011-96和ISO 14012-96）一起使用。本指南不打算为EMS系统构成完整的审计协议或评分工具，也不提供通用审计技术的信息，也不用于估计注册过程中所需的工作量。例如，本指南不包括各种验证过程中所需的取样程度。众所周知，一些组织希望对涉及环境、健康和安全的综合管理系统进行审计。 在这些情况下，本指南仅限于澄清为符合ISO 14001而设计的综合系统的环境方面。

1. Scope1.1Purpose The purpose of the Guide is to provide a clear understanding of the requirements of ISO 14001, so that organizations can design, implement, and audit environmental management systems on a consistent basis. The Guide is primarily intended for the use of experienced registrars and auditors engaged in EMS audits for the purposes of registration, self-declaration, or internal assessment. This Guide attempts to increase audit consistency between the different registrars and auditors, thus providing greater reliance on the audit results. This will lead to i ncreased integrity and confidence in the implementation of ISO 14001 and the environmental benefits that will flow from it.1.2Limitations This Guide is designed neither to add to nor subtract from the requirements of ISO 14001, and its intent is to clarify the intended meaning of the Standard. An effort has been made to avoid duplication of Annex A, Guidance on the use of the specification, of ISO 14001, which was added to the Standard with the express intent of providing guidance for its use. To help achieve this, in this Guide, the relevant sections of the ISO 14001 Annex A are shown below the corresponding requirements section of the ISO 14001 requirements (Clause 4). Although the Guide was designed primarily to address the interpretive needs of a registrar or auditor, the guidance provided may furnish an organization implementing an EMS with a better understanding of the requirements of ISO 14001 and of how an auditor is likely to approach an EMS audit. Wherever possible, an effort has been made to avoid lists of examples, which may be perceived as limiting. Instead, the focus has been maintained on developing clear and concise interpretation that helps maintain the flexibility originally built into ISO 14001.This document should be used in conjunction with the environmental auditing documents (ISO 14001-96, ISO 14004-96, ISO 14010-96, ISO 14011-96, and ISO 14012-96).This Guide is not intended to constitute a complete audit protocol or scoring tool for an EMS system, nor does it provide information on generic auditing techniques or serve to estimate the level of effort required in the registration process. The degree of sampling required in various verification processes, for example, is not included in this Guide.It is acknowledged that some organizations will wish to audit integrated management systems that address environment, health, and safety.In these situations, this Guide is limited to prov iding clarification only of the environmental aspects of an integrated system designed to comply with ISO 14001.