认识到去除病原体是终端用户主要关心的问题，各种方法， 已开发出直接和间接的方法来监测膜的完整性 系统。间接法包括浊度法和颗粒计数法；他们在线并且 连续，但分辨率和灵敏度较低。 直接方法包括许多版本的基于空气的测试。测量膜 空气完整性测试包括从充满水和水的膜孔开始 将膜的一侧或两侧暴露在空气中。施加压差 穿过薄膜迫使空气通过泄漏。基于空气的测试允许量化 以及泄漏位置，但要求一台机组停产10年- 15分钟。因此，它们通常每天执行一次。 许多监管者已经接受了空气基测试作为主要膜完整性测试 监测技术。通常，必须选择测试条件以提供信息 对于大于3m的缺陷，确保去除隐孢子虫卵囊 （大小在4到7米之间）。此外，结果通常会转换为日志 使用本文讨论的方法的去除值（LRV）（ASTM，2003）。本文介绍了空气与水、空气与空气完整性试验和试验的对比数据 验证空气基膜完整性原木去除值估算的数据 测验。本文还介绍了空气对水和空气对空气完整性试验的对比数据，以及数据 验证了Hagen-Poiseuille层流模型在估算 气液转化率和挑战性试验数据验证了对数的估计 从基于空气的完整性测试中移除值。包括参考资料、表格、图表。

Recognizing that pathogen removal is a primary end-user concern, various methods, direct and indirect, have been developed for monitoring the integrity of membrane systems. Indirect methods include turbidity and particle counting; they are on-line and continuous, but suffer from low resolution and sensitivity. Direct methods include many versions of air-based tests. Measuring membrane integrity with an air test involves starting with membrane pores filled with water and exposing one side or both sides of the membrane to air. Differential pressure is applied across the membrane to force air through leaks. An air-based test allows quantification and location of leaks, but requires that a unit be taken off-production for a period of 10- 15 minutes. As such, they are typically performed once per day. Many regulators have accepted an air-based test as a primary membrane integrity monitoring technique. Typically, test conditions must be selected to provide information on defects larger than 3 m in order to ensure the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts (size ranging between 4 and 7 m). In addition, results are often converted to a log removal value (LRV) using a method discussed in this paper (ASTM, 2003). This paper presents data comparing air-to-water and air-to-air integrity tests and data validating the estimation of log removal values from air-based membrane integrity tests. The paper also presents data comparing air-to-water and air-to-air integrity tests, data validating the application of the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow model for estimating the air-liquid conversion ratio and challenge test data validating the estimation of log removal values from air-based integrity tests. Includes reference, tables, figures.