本文阐述了添加氨以形成氯胺的以下主要设计考虑因素:氯胺消毒的优缺点、氨的可用性、化学性质、氨加药要求、氨加料系统和安全系统。在水处理中使用无水氨和氨水形成氯胺，以减少三卤甲烷（THM）和其他消毒副产物（DBP）。对于氯和氨的不同应用位置，DBP减少、消毒、氧化、味道和气味之间存在权衡。氨浓度低于1至2 mg/L的氨足以形成1至5 mg/L的氯胺残留物。 对于氯胺化反应，首选的氯胺种类是一氯胺，因为它的稳定性以及低味道和气味问题。一氯胺优先在pH值大于7.0且理论氯氨剂量比小于5时形成。对于无水氨，存在两种进料系统:直接进料和溶液进料。直接进料系统将氨气直接注入工艺流中。直接供水系统的典型应用点是明渠和水池设施。溶液进料系统类似于氯气真空系统，需要将载体水流注入工艺流。 氨水进料系统与其他液体进料系统类似。然而，由于氨在环境温度下会蒸发，因此需要一个带存水弯的低压罐。

This paper addresses the following major design considerations for adding ammonia to form chloramines: advantages and disadvantages of chloramine disinfection, ammonia availability, chemical properties, ammonia dosing requirements, ammonia feed systems, and safety systems. Anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia are being used in water treatment to form chloramines to reduce trihalomethanes (THMs) and other disinfection by-products (DBPs). Trade-offs exist between reduced DBPs, disinfection, oxidation, taste, and odors for the various application location of chlorine and ammonia. Ammonia concentrations of less than 1 to 2 mg/L of ammonia are sufficient to form chloramine residual of 1 to 5 mg/L. For chloramination, the preferred chloramine species to form is monochloramine because of its stability and low taste and odor problems. Monochloramines are preferentially formed at pHs greater than 7.0 and theoretical chlorine to ammonia dose ration less than 5. For anhydrous ammonia two types of feed system exists: direct and solution feed. Direct feed systems inject ammonia gas directly into the process stream. Typical application points for the direct feed system are at open channels and basin facilities. Solution feed system are similar to chlorine vacuum systems requiring a carrier water stream to be injected to the process stream. Aqueous ammonia feed systems are similar to other liquid feed systems. However, a low pressure tank with a water trap is required because of the vaporizing of ammonia at ambient temperatures.