1.1 意图 -本指南旨在为针对泥沙的流域监测计划提供一般指导。该指南提供了一系列一般步骤，但没有规定具体的行动方案。它为制定监测计划而不是实施计划提供了建议。 1.2 本指南中提到的沉积是指侵蚀土壤和岩石颗粒的分离、夹带、运输和沉积。沉积物的具体类型或参数可能包括: 悬浮泥沙、推移质、河床质、浊度、冲刷负荷、含沙量、总负荷、泥沙沉积、粒度分布、泥沙体积和颗粒化学。监测可能不仅包括悬浮在水中的沉积物，还包括沉积在田地、漫滩和渠道底部的沉积物。 1.3 本指南适用于溪流和河流中的地表水；湖泊、池塘、水库、河口和湿地。 1.4 局限性 -本指南并没有建立在所有情况下都要遵循的标准程序，也没有涵盖定义特定监测目标或项目的所有需求所需的细节。 参考和标准章节中包含的其他标准和指南详细描述了收集、测量、分析和监测沉积物和相关成分的程序、设备、操作和选址。 1.5 适用于沉积物监测的其他ASTM和美国地质调查局标准列于 附录X1 和 附录X2 . 由于沉积物监测涉及大量可选标准和程序，本文件中未引用大多数单独标准。 附录中根据特定测量或监测类型所需的分析或采样类型对标准和程序进行了分组。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南旨在用于规划阶段或制定沉积物监测计划的阶段。本指南是流域泥沙监测所有方面通用组件的集合，满足了开发通用框架的需要，以更好地协调和统一流域泥沙监测方法。 4.2 本指南的用户并非水质、沉积或水文领域的训练有素的技术实践者。 目标用户是需要信息以制定以沉积物和水文为重点的水质监测计划或项目的管理者和规划者。沉积物专家还将找到有关程序、设备、方法和操作的信息，以执行监测计划。 4.3 本指南用于制定、设计和重新评估沉积物监测方案的规划过程。

1.1 Purpose —This guide is intended to provide general guidance on a watershed monitoring program directed toward sediment. The guide offers a series of general steps without setting forth a specific course of action. It gives advice for establishing a monitoring program, not an implementation program. 1.2 Sedimentation as referred to in this guide is the detachment, entrainment, transportation, and deposition of eroded soil and rock particles. Specific types or parameters of sediment may include: suspended sediment, bedload, bed material, turbidity, wash load, sediment concentration, total load, sediment deposits, particle size distribution, sediment volumes and particle chemistry. Monitoring may include not only sediments suspended in water but sediments deposited in fields, floodplains, and channel bottoms. 1.3 This guide applies to surface waters as found in streams and rivers; lakes, ponds, reservoirs, estuaries, and wetlands. 1.4 Limitations —This guide does not establish a standard procedure to follow in all situations and it does not cover the detail necessary to define all of the needs of a particular monitoring objective or project. Other standards and guides included in the reference and standard sections describe in detail the procedures, equipment, operations, and site selection for collecting, measuring, analyzing, and monitoring sediment and related constituants. 1.5 Additional ASTM and U.S. Geological Survey standards applicable to sediment monitoring are listed in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 . Due to the large number of optional standards and procedures involved in sediment monitoring, most individual standards are not referenced in this document. Standards and procedures have been grouped in the appendices according to the type of analyses or sampling that would be required for a specific type of measurement or monitoring. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide is intended to be used in the planning stage or phase of developing a sediment monitoring program. This guide is an assembly of the components common to all aspects of watershed sediment monitoring and fulfills a need in the development of a common framework for a better coordinated and a more unified approach to sediment monitoring in watersheds. 4.2 The user of this guide is not assumed to be a trained technical practitioner in the water quality, sedimentation, or hydrology fields. The intended users are managers and planners who need information to develop a water quality monitoring program or project with an emphasis in sediment and hydrology. Sediment specialists will also find information on procedures, equipment, methodology, and operations to conduct a monitoring program. 4.3 This guide is used during the planning process of developing, designing, and re-evaluating a sediment monitoring program.