在密苏里州东圣路易斯的一个工厂环境中，使用单元素膜和五种微生物对膜系统去除微生物进行了研究。单元素膜包括一个醋酸纤维素超滤器（UF）、一个聚砜微滤器（MF）、一个醋酸纤维素（CA）纳米过滤器（NF）和两个复合薄膜（CTF）纳米过滤器。微生物挑战性研究是使用原水、明矾凝结沉淀水和成品植物水进行的。模型微生物包括用于病毒排斥的MS2（~0.025μm）、用于细菌模拟的PRD1（~0.1μm）噬菌体和产气荚膜梭菌（菌株26）孢子（~1-5μm）、微小隐孢子虫卵囊（~4-6μm）和蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫囊肿（~8μm）- 14 um）用于囊肿排斥反应。在八个单独的挑战事件中，在一年的操作过程中收集了68次微生物排斥的观察结果，其中微生物被单独添加并作为混合物。中佛罗里达大学与美国水务服务公司合作，在伊利诺斯美国东圣路易斯地表水处理设施进行了项目。水处理厂取水口位于密西西比河与密苏里河交汇处下游几英里处的密西西比河上，该水源全年水质各异，但通常被视为高浊度、中等有机水源。包括25个参考文献、表格和图表。

The removal of microorganisms by membrane systems was investigated using single element membranes and five species of microorganisms in a plant setting at East St. Louis, Missouri. Single element membranes included a cellulose acetate ultrafilter (UF), a polysulfone microfilter (MF), a cellulose acetate (CA) nanofilter (NF), and two composite thin-film (CTF) nanofilters. Microorganism challenge studies were conducted using raw, alum coagulated-settled, and finished plant water. Model microorganisms consisted of MS2 (~0.025 um) for virus rejection, PRD1 (~0.1 um) phage and Clostridium perfringens (strain 26) spores (~1-5 um) for bacteria simulation, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (~4-6 um) and Giardia lamblia cysts (~8-14 um) for cyst rejection. Sixty-eight observations of microorganism rejection were gathered over one year of operation in eight separate challenge events where microorganisms were spiked separately and as a mixture. The University of Central Florida in cooperation with the American Water Works Service Company, Inc., conducted the project at the Illinois-American East St. Louis surface water treatment facility. The water treatment plant intake is located on the Mississippi River several miles downstream of the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, a source that has varied water quality throughout the year, but is generally regarded as a high turbidity, moderate organic source water. Includes 25 references, table, figures.