1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation.
1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories.
1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as
robust statistical
procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a
General Precision
procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as
Special Precision
, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel
h
and
k
statistics to review the precision database for potential outliers. However, they use slight modifications in the procedure for rejecting incompatible data values as outliers. The
Special Precision
procedure is specific as to the number of replicates per database cell or material-laboratory combination.
1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections:
Section
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Significance and Use
4
Precision Evaluation—General Precision and Special Precision
5
Steps in Organizing an Interlaboratory Test Program (ITP)
6
Overview of the General Precision Analysis Procedure
7
General Precision: Analysis Step 1
8
Preliminary Graphical Data Review
8.1
Calculation of Precision for Original Database
8.2
Detection of Outliers at 5 % Significance Level Using
h
and
k
Statistics
8.3
Generation of
Revision 1
Database Using Outlier Treatment Option 1 or 2
8.4
General Precision: Analysis Step 2
9
Calculation of Precision for
Revision 1
Database
9.1
Detection of Outliers at 2 % Significance Level Using
h
and
k
Statistics
9.1
Generation of
Revision 2
Database Using Outlier Treatment Option 1 or 2
9.1.2
General Precision: Analysis Step 3
10
Calculation of Precision Using
Revision 2
Database
10.1
Special Precision Analysis—Carbon Black Testing
11
Format for Precision Table and Clause in Test Method Standards
12
Preparation of Report for Precision Analysis
13
Definitions for Selected Terms Concerned with Precision and Testing
Annex A1
Statistical Model for Interlaboratory Testing Programs
Annex A2
Calculating the
h
and
k
Consistency Statistics for Outliers
Annex A3
Spreadsheet Calculation Formulas, Table Layout, and Calculation Sequence
Annex A4
Procedure for Calculating Replacement Values of Deleted Outliers
Annex A5
Example of General Precision Evaluation—Mooney Viscosity Testing
Annex A6
1.5 Six annexes are presented; these serve as supplements to the main body of this practice.
Annex A1 and
Annex A2
are given mainly as background information that is important for a full understanding of precision evaluation.
Annex A3 –
Annex A5
contain detailed instructions and procedures needed to perform the operations as called for in various parts of the practice. The use of these annexes in this capacity avoids long sections of involved instruction in the main body of this practice. This allows for a better presentation and understanding of the central concepts involved in the evaluation of precision.
Annex A6
is also important; it gives a complete example of precision evaluation that illustrates all of the procedures and options likely to be encountered in any precision evaluation, from the simple to the most complex.
1.6
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
====== Significance And Use ======
4.1 Tests are conducted using standard test methods to generate test data that are used to make decisions for commercial, technical, and scientific purposes. It follows that the precision of a particular test method is an important quality characteristic or figure of merit for a test method and a decision process.
4.2 An evaluation of the precision of a test method is normally conducted with (
1
) some selected group of materials as typically used with that method and (
2
) with a group of volunteer laboratories that have experience with the test method. The evaluation represents an
event in time
for the test method for these materials and laboratories. Another ITP precision evaluation with somewhat different materials or even with the same materials with the same laboratories at a different time, may generate precision results that differ from the initial ITP.
4.3 Experience as indicated in Refs
(1-4)
4
and elsewhere has shown that the poor reproducibility among the laboratories of a typical ITP is almost always due to interlaboratory bias. Certain laboratories are always low or high compared to a reference as well as other laboratories in all tests. This usual outcome for many ITPs is addressed in this practice by the use of the three-step robust analysis procedures as described in Section
7
.
4.4 Caution is urged in applying precision results of a particular test method to product testing for consumer-producer product acceptance. Product acceptance procedures should be developed on the basis of precision data obtained in special programs that are specific to the commercial products and to the laboratories of the interested parties for this type of testing.
到馆提醒
收藏跟踪
分享链接
购买正版
分类信息
首页
馆藏资源
舆情信息
标准服务
科研活动
关于我们
️版权归中国标准化研究院所有