1.1 本规程涵盖通过测量井含水层系统对井中水位突然变化的惯性无力（过阻尼）响应来确定导水率。井中水位对水位突变的惯性无力响应的特点是以近似指数的方式恢复到初始水位，惯性效应可以忽略不计。 1.2 本规程中的分析程序与试验方法中的现场程序结合使用 D4044/D4044M 用于收集测试数据。 1.3 限制- 段塞试验被视为提供水力传导率的估计值。在这种情况下，确定储能系数是不可行的。由于测试的含水层材料体积较小，因此获得的数值代表了非常接近控制井开口部分的材料。 注1: 段塞试验通常被视为提供含水层实际水力传导率下限的估计值，因为试验结果严重受油井效率和油井开口部分附近的钻孔表皮效应的影响。通过段塞试验测试的含水层部分仅限于油井开放部分附近的区域，其中含水层材料可能在油井安装过程中发生了变化，因此可能会对测试结果产生重大影响。在某些情况下，数据可能会被误解，并导致对导水率的更高估计。这是因为依赖于反映油井周围过滤器组水力传导率的早期数据。Bouwer讨论了这种影响 ( 1. ) . 2. 此外，由于对早期数据的依赖，在具有中高导水率的含水层中，对该数据分析有用的曲线的早期部分太短（例如，<10秒），无法进行准确测量；因此，试验结果开始大大低估了真实的导水率。 1.4 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.5 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.5.1 用于规定如何在标准中收集/记录和计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。 此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程数据分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了这些测试方法的范围。 1.6 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。 本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 解决方案假设: 5.1.1 井周围地下水位的下降（或隆起）可以忽略不计。 5.1.2 水位以上的流量可以忽略不计。 5.1.3 当水进入或离开油井时，水头损失可以忽略不计。 5.1.4 含水层是均质和各向同性的。 注6: 段塞和泵送试验隐含假设为多孔介质。断裂岩石和碳酸盐岩环境可能无法提供有意义的数据和信息。 5.2 假设的含义: 5.2.1 应用的数学方程忽略惯性效应，并假设水位以近似指数的方式恢复到静态水位。 5.2.2 井和含水层的几何结构如所示 图1 ，即之后 图1 Bouwer和Rice ( 1. ) . 注7: 短期是指缓动测试的持续时间。 注8: 裂缝地形中任何无侧限环境中的油井功能可能会使k的确定产生问题，因为油井可能只与支流或辅助河道或导管相交。尽管存在确定通道或导管k的问题，但支路通道的部分穿透可能会使确定有意义的数字变得困难。如果绘制并比较碳酸盐岩和其他裂缝环境中的k图，它们可能没有显示存在导管或通道的迹象，除非可能性最低的导管或通道可能与钻孔相交并且可以验证，Smart（1999）描述了此类问题 ( 6. ) . 更多指南可在指南中找到 D5717 . 注9: 记录了不同水头渗透性试验方法的数据比较。仪器、假设和计算方法的变化将导致不同的结果 ( 7. ) . 在评估结果时，用户应熟悉测试的假设、仪器和计算方面 ( 8. ) . 注10: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。 可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This practice covers the determination of hydraulic conductivity from the measurement of inertial force free (overdamped) response of a well-aquifer system to a sudden change in water level in a well. Inertial force free response of the water level in a well to a sudden change in water level is characterized by recovery to initial water level in an approximate exponential manner with negligible inertial effects. 1.2 The analytical procedure in this practice is used in conjunction with the field procedure in Test Method D4044/D4044M for collection of test data. 1.3 Limitations— Slug tests are considered to provide an estimate of hydraulic conductivity. The determination of storage coefficient is not practicable with this practice. Because the volume of aquifer material tested is small, the values obtained are representative of materials very near the open portion of the control well. Note 1: Slug tests are usually considered to provide estimates of the lower limit of the actual hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer because the test results are so heavily influenced by well efficiency and borehole skin effects near the open portion of the well. The portion of the aquifer that is tested by the slug test is limited to an area near the open portion of the well where the aquifer materials may have been altered during well installation, and therefore may significantly impact the test results. In some cases, the data may be misinterpreted and result in a higher estimate of hydraulic conductivity. This is due to the reliance on early time data that is reflective of the hydraulic conductivity of the filter pack surrounding the well. This effect was discussed by Bouwer ( 1 ) . 2 In addition, because of the reliance on early time data, in aquifers with medium to high hydraulic conductivity, the early time portion of the curve that is useful for this data analyses is too short (for example, <10 s) for accurate measurement; therefore, the test results begin to greatly underestimate the true hydraulic conductivity. 1.4 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through he ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Assumptions of Solution: 5.1.1 Drawdown (or mounding) of the water table around the well is negligible. 5.1.2 Flow above the water table can be ignored. 5.1.3 Head losses as the water enters or leaves the well are negligible. 5.1.4 The aquifer is homogeneous and isotropic. Note 6: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information. 5.2 Implications of Assumptions: 5.2.1 The mathematical equations applied ignore inertial effects and assume that the water level returns to the static level in an approximate exponential manner. 5.2.2 The geometric configuration of the well and aquifer are shown in Fig. 1 , that is after Fig. 1 of Bouwer and Rice ( 1 ) . Note 7: Short term refers to the duration of the slug test. Note 8: The function of wells in any unconfined setting in a fractured terrain might make the determination of k problematic because the wells might only intersect tributary or subsidiary channels or conduits. The problems determining the k of a channel or conduit notwithstanding, the partial penetration of tributary channels may make a determination of a meaningful number difficult. If plots of k in carbonates and other fractured settings are made and compared, they may show no indication that there are conduits or channels present, except when with the lowest probability one maybe intersected by a borehole and can be verified, such problems are described by Smart (1999) ( 6 ) . Additional guidance can be found in Guide D5717 . Note 9: The comparison of data from various methods on variable head permeability tests has been documented. Variation in instrumentation, assumptions and calculational methods will lead to differing results ( 7 ) . Users should be familiar with the assumptions, instrumentation and calculational aspects of the test when evaluating the results ( 8 ) . Note 10: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.