1.1 本规程涵盖了一种分析程序，用于使用恒速抽水试验的观察井水位降测量值确定承压含水层的透过率、蓄水系数和垂直与水平导水率之比。本规程使用至少四个部分穿透的数据，建议将观察井定位在部分穿透控制井周围。 1.2 在试验方法中，分析程序与现场程序结合使用 D4050 . 1.3 限制- 确定含水层水平和垂直导水率的技术的局限性主要与现场情况和这种做法的简化假设之间的对应关系有关。 1.4 单位- 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的国际单位是数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。以英寸磅以外的单位报告结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.5 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 ，除非被本标准取代。 1.6 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。 此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。所使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常情况下，增加或减少报告数据的有效位数以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑分析方法或工程设计中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.7 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。 并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这种方法是确定垂直各向异性比的几种方法之一。其他可用方法包括( ( 5. ) ; 参见练习 D5473/D5473M )，这取决于距离下降数据，以及Way和McKee ( 6. ) ，即利用时间下降数据。周距离的一个重要限制- 水位下降法是指观察井需要具有相同的结构（筛选间隔），并且两个或多个观察井需要位于距离抽水井一定距离的位置，超过部分渗透的影响。本规程通用距离下降法中描述的程序，在理论上适用于包含三口或更多井的大多数观察井配置，前提是一些井位于部分渗透影响流量的区域内。 5.2 假设: 5.2.1 以恒定速率控制油井排放， Q . 5.2.2 控制井直径无限小，部分穿透含水层。 5.2.3 数据来自多个部分穿透观测井，一些在与抽水井相似的高程进行筛选，一些在不同高程进行筛选。 5.2.4 含水层是封闭的、均质的，区域广泛。含水层可能是各向异性的，如果是这样，最大和最小导水率的方向分别是水平和垂直的。 5.2.5 油井排放仅来自含水层中的蓄水。 5.3 计算要求- 该方法的应用需要大量计算。函数， f s ，如所示( 等式4 )应使用任意输入参数进行多次评估。 使用现有的、有点有限的值表进行 f s 而且，由于这个等式相当强大，可能不容易手动处理。因此，假设使用此功能的从业者将有一个计算机程序来评估功能 f s . 这可以通过使用商用数学软件（包括一些电子表格应用程序）或编写程序来实现。 ( 7. ) 注2: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。 注3: 大多数断裂（无侧限）含水层，即使是非碳酸盐岩，也会有某种形式的会聚流，流向主裂隙或通道（Worthington等人，2016）。已知碳酸盐中存在一种关系，其中电位槽对应于地下导管或通道（Quinlan和Ewers，1989）。 注4: 商用软件可用于该实践的计算、绘图、绘图和分析。 用户应验证软件的公式、图形、绘图和分析的正确性。

1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity, storage coefficient, and ratio of vertical to horizontal hydraulic conductivity of a confined aquifer using observation well drawdown measurements from a constant-rate pumping test. This practice uses data from a minimum of four partially penetrating, recommended to be positioned observation wells around a partially penetrating control well. 1.2 The analytical procedure is used in conjunction with the field procedure in Test Method D4050 . 1.3 Limitations— The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice. 1.4 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. The reporting of results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 , unless superseded by this standard. 1.6 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objective; and it is common practice to increase or reduce the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method or engineering design. 1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice is one of several available for determining vertical anisotropy ratio. Among other available methods are Weeks ( ( 5 ) ; see Practice D5473/D5473M ), that relies on distance-drawdown data, and Way and McKee ( 6 ) , that utilizes time-drawdown data. An important restriction of the Weeks distance-drawdown method is that the observation wells need to have identical construction (screened intervals) and two or more of the observation wells need to be located at a distance from the pumped well beyond the effects of partial penetration. The procedure described in this practice general distance-drawdown method, in that it works in theory for most observation well configurations incorporating three or more wells, provided some of the wells are within the zone where flow is affected by partial penetration. 5.2 Assumptions: 5.2.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q . 5.2.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially penetrates the aquifer. 5.2.3 Data are obtained from a number of partially penetrating observation wells, some screened at elevations similar to that in the pumped well and some screened at different elevations. 5.2.4 The aquifer is confined, homogeneous and areally extensive. The aquifer may be anisotropic, and, if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively. 5.2.5 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer. 5.3 Calculation Requirements— Application of this method is computationally intensive. The function, f s , shown in ( Eq 4 ) should be evaluated numerous times using arbitrary input parameters. It is not practical to use existing, somewhat limited, tables of values for f s and, because this equation is rather formidable, it may not be easily tractable by hand. Because of this, it is assumed the practitioner using this will have available a computerized procedure for evaluating the function f s . This can be accomplished using commercially available mathematical software including some spreadsheet applications, or by writing programs. ( 7 ) Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 3: Most fractured (unconfined) aquifers, even noncarbonates, will have some form of convergent flow to master fissures or channels (Worthington et al., 2016). A relationship is known to occur in carbonates where potentiometric troughs correspond with sub-surface conduits or channels (Quinlan and Ewers, 1989). Note 4: Commercially available software is available for the calculating, graphing, plotting, and analyses of this practice. The user should verify the correctness of the formulas, graphs, plots and analyses of the software.