1.1 本规程涵盖了通过分析含水层水位对部分穿透含水层的井排放的响应来确定含水层水平和垂直导水率的分析解决方案。本标准使用试验方法得出的数据 D4050 . 1.2 限制- 确定含水层水平和垂直导水率的技术的局限性主要与现场情况和这种做法的简化假设之间的对应关系有关。 1.3 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.4 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.4.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。 考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围 1.5 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。 本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 假设: 5.1.1 以恒定速率控制油井排放， Q . 5.1.2 控制井直径无限小，部分穿透含水层。 5.1.3 非渗漏承压含水层是均质的，并且在空中广泛分布。含水层也可能是各向异性的，如果是这样，最大和最小导水率的方向分别是水平和垂直的。这些方法可用于分析下一节所述条件下的无侧限含水层试验。 注1: 段塞和泵送试验隐含假设为多孔介质。断裂岩石和碳酸盐岩环境可能无法提供有意义的数据和信息。 5.1.4 油井排放仅来自含水层中的蓄水。 5.1.5 假设含水层和油井条件的几何形状如所示 图2 . 5.2 假设的含义- 含水层中的垂直流成分是由部分穿透含水层的控制井引起的，即在整个厚度内不向含水层开放的井。 垂直流分量的影响在控制井附近的测压管中测量，即在一定距离内， r ，其中垂直流分量很重要，即: 5.3 方法在非承压含水层中的应用: 5.3.1 虽然这些假设适用于承压或受限条件，但周 ( 1. ) 已经指出，如果水位下降与含水层的饱和厚度相比很小，或者如果水位下降因含水层厚度的减少而得到纠正，并且延迟重力响应的影响很小，则该解决方案可以应用于非承压含水层。 对于地下水位附近的测压计，重力响应的影响在给定时间后变得可以忽略，公式如下: 对于值 应收账款 <0.4并通过等式: 对于更大的值 应收账款 . 5.3.2 无侧限含水层中的水位下降还受到控制井附近地下水位或自由面曲率的影响，以及饱和厚度的减少，这导致向控制井的透射率下降。该方法应适用于水试验的分析- table控制井套管深度低于抽水水位且控制井水位降低于0.2的含水层 b . 此外，地下水位曲率的影响几乎不会引入误差，即使控制井的水位降深较大，如果( s 2. /2 b )对于给定的压力计，与δ相比较小 s 学期 5.3.3 由于控制井附近的非承压含水层厚度减小，导水率降低。雅各布 ( 4. ) 已经表明，透过率降低对水位下降的影响可以通过以下等式进行校正: 哪里 s 是观察到的水位下降，以及 s ′是等效承压含水层中的水位下降。 注2: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。 可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determining the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the aquifer to the discharge from a well that partially penetrates the aquifer. This standard uses data derived from Test Method D4050 . 1.2 Limitations— The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice. 1.3 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design 1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through he ASTM consensus process. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Assumptions: 5.1.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q . 5.1.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially penetrates the aquifer. 5.1.3 The nonleaky artesian aquifer is homogeneous, and aerially extensive. The aquifer may also be anisotropic and, if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively. The methods may be used to analyze tests on unconfined aquifers under conditions described in a following section. Note 1: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information. 5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer. 5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 2 . 5.2 Implications of Assumptions— The vertical flow components in the aquifer are induced by a control well that partially penetrates the aquifer, that is, a well that is not open to the aquifer through its full thickness. The effects of vertical flow components are measured in piezometers near the control well, that is, within a distance, r , in which vertical flow components are significant, that is: 5.3 Application of Method to Unconfined Aquifers: 5.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions, Weeks ( 1 ) has pointed out that the solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer, and the effects of delayed gravity response are small. The effects of gravity response become negligible after a time as given, for piezometers near the water table, by the equation: for values of ar/b < 0.4 and by the equation: for greater values of ar/b . 5.3.2 Drawdown in an unconfined aquifer is also affected by curvature of the water table or free surface near the control well, and by the decrease in saturated thickness, that causes the transmissivity to decline toward the control well. This method should be applicable to analysis of tests on water-table aquifers for which the control well is cased to a depth below the pumping level and the drawdown in the control well is less than 0.2 b . Moreover, little error would be introduced by effects of water-table curvature, even for a greater drawdown in the control well, if the term ( s 2 /2 b ) for a given piezometer is small compared to the δ s term. 5.3.3 The transmissivity decreases as a result of decreasing thickness of the unconfined aquifer near the control well. Jacob ( 4 ) has shown that the effect of decreasing transmissivity on the drawdown may be corrected by the equation: where s is the observed drawdown and s ′ is the drawdown in an equivalent confined aquifer. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.