1.1 本规程涵盖了一种分析程序，用于确定线性边界承压含水层的透过率、蓄水系数和可能的边界位置。本规程用于在以恒定速率从控制井抽水期间分析一个或多个观察井或测压计的水位或水头数据。这种做法也适用于以恒定速率排放的自流井。随着符号的适当变化，这种做法也可用于分析以恒定速率向控制井注水的效果。 1.2 本规程中的分析程序与试验方法中的现场程序结合使用 D4050 . 1.3 限制- 本规程的有效使用仅限于确定水文地质环境中含水层的导水率和蓄水系数，并与泰斯非平衡法的假设合理对应（见规程） D4106 )（参见 5.1 )，但含水层在面积范围内受到完全穿透含水层的线性边界的限制。假设边界为恒定水头边界（相当于水力完全渗透含水层的溪流或湖泊）或无流（不渗透）边界（相当于与渗透性显著降低的岩石单元接触）。 在实践中介绍了泰斯非平衡方法 D4105/D4105M 和 D4106 . 1.4 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。以国际单位制以外的单位报告结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.5 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.6 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 假设: 5.1.1 油井以恒定速率排放。 5.1.2 井的直径是无穷小的，并且在含水层的整个厚度中都是敞开的。 5.1.3 除非受到线性边界的限制，否则非渗漏承压含水层是均质、各向同性和面积广泛的。 5.1.4 油井排放最初来自含水层中的蓄水；随后，水可能从恒定水头边界流入含水层。 5.1.5 假设含水层和油井的几何形状如所示 图1 或 图2 . 5.1.6 边界是垂直面，无限长，完全穿透含水层。 不透水边界不会向含水层产水，而补给边界与含水层具有完美的水力联系。 5.1.7 观测井代表含水层中的水头；也就是说，观察井中井筒储存的影响可以忽略不计。 5.2 假设的含义: 5.2.1 假设中隐含了承压含水层中完全穿透控制井和无限小直径观测井的条件。在某些条件下，当控制井仅对含水层的一部分开放或含有大量水时，或者当在无侧限含水层中进行试验时，可以成功地分析含水层试验。 在实践中对这些条件进行了更详细的讨论 D4105/D4105M . 5.2.2 在使用这种方法定位未知边界的情况下，至少需要三个观察井。如果只有两个观察井可用，则定义边界的两个可能位置，如果仅使用一个观察井，则定义一个描述图像井所有可能位置的圆。 5.2.3 恒定水头边界的影响通常与渗漏承压含水层的影响难以区分。因此，必须注意确保在分析测试之前创建了正确的系统概念模型。 请参阅指南 D4043号 . 注2: 段塞和泵送试验隐含假设为多孔介质。断裂岩石和碳酸盐岩环境可能无法提供有意义的数据和信息。 5.3 实践 D3740 提供了本标准中活动的评估因子。 注3: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity, storage coefficient, and possible location of boundaries for a confined aquifer with a linear boundary. This practice is used to analyze water-level or head data from one or more observation wells or piezometers during the pumping of water from a control well at a constant rate. This practice also applies to flowing artesian wells discharging at a constant rate. With appropriate changes in sign, this practice also can be used to analyze the effects of injecting water into a control well at a constant rate. 1.2 The analytical procedure in this practice is used in conjunction with the field procedure in Test Method D4050 . 1.3 Limitations— The valid use of this practice is limited to determination of transmissivities and storage coefficients for aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable correspondence to the assumptions of the Theis nonequilibrium method (see Practice D4106 ) (see 5.1 ), except that the aquifer is limited in areal extent by a linear boundary that fully penetrates the aquifer. The boundary is assumed to be either a constant-head boundary (equivalent to a stream or lake that hydraulically fully penetrates the aquifer) or a no-flow (impermeable) boundary (equivalent to a contact with a significantly less permeable rock unit). The Theis nonequilibrium method is described in Practices D4105/D4105M and D4106 . 1.4 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Assumptions: 5.1.1 The well discharges at a constant rate. 5.1.2 Well is of infinitesimal diameter and is open through the full thickness of the aquifer. 5.1.3 The nonleaky confined aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive except where limited by linear boundaries. 5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived initially from storage in the aquifer; later, movement of water may be induced from a constant-head boundary into the aquifer. 5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well are shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 . 5.1.6 Boundaries are vertical planes, infinite in length that fully penetrate the aquifer. No water is yielded to the aquifer by impermeable boundaries, whereas recharging boundaries are in perfect hydraulic connection with the aquifer. 5.1.7 Observation wells represent the head in the aquifer; that is, the effects of wellbore storage in the observation wells are negligible. 5.2 Implications of Assumptions: 5.2.1 Implicit in the assumptions are the conditions of a fully-penetrating control well and observation wells of infinitesimal diameter in a confined aquifer. Under certain conditions, aquifer tests can be successfully analyzed when the control well is open to only part of the aquifer or contains a significant volume of water or when the test is conducted in an unconfined aquifer. These conditions are discussed in more detail in Practice D4105/D4105M . 5.2.2 In cases in which this practice is used to locate an unknown boundary, a minimum of three observation wells is needed. If only two observation wells are available, two possible locations of the boundary are defined, and if only one observation well is used, a circle describing all possible locations of the image well is defined. 5.2.3 The effects of a constant-head boundary are often indistinguishable from the effects of a leaky, confined aquifer. Therefore, care must be taken to ensure that a correct conceptual model of the system has been created prior to analyzing the test. See Guide D4043 . Note 2: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information. 5.3 Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this standard. Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.