本文件规定了一种从土壤样品中直接提取DNA的方法，以通过各种分子生物学技术（包括实时定量PCR（qPCR））分析微生物群落的丰度和组成。这种方法主要用于农业和森林土壤。这种方法可能不适用于富含有机质的土壤（例如泥炭土）或被有机污染物或重金属严重污染的土壤。 从土壤样本中直接提取DNA，为微生物群落的α-和β-多样性提供了独特的见解。通过PCR（聚合酶链反应）扩增土壤DNA获得的扩增子的下一代测序构成了一个很有前途的领域，在不久的将来将有助于开发监测土壤环境中微生物群落的常规工具。

The present document specifies a method for direct extraction of DNA from soil samples to analyse the abundance and composition of microbial communities by various techniques of molecular biology including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). This method is mainly dedicated to agricultural and forest soils. This method can possibly not be suitable for soils rich in organic matter (e.g. peat soils) or soils heavily polluted with organic pollutants or heavy metals. The direct extraction of DNA from soil samples provides unique insight into the α- and β-diversity of microbial communities. Next-generation sequencing of amplicons obtained by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of soil DNA constitutes a promising domain which will in the near future contribute to the development of routine tools to monitor microbial communities in soil environments.