1.1 本指南涵盖了与系统复原力相关的一般原则，包括自然和人类学系统。 1.2 复原力由四个一般原则定义:规划和准备、适应、承受和限制影响以及恢复运营和功能。本指南涵盖了每项一般原则的基本原理。 1.3 本指南认识到，在应用复原力原则时，决策者往往会平衡机遇和挑战，以及与每一项一般原则及其相互依存性相关的安全和风险。 1.4 本指南认识到，恢复力的提高可能来自多种来源和潜在的解决方案。解决方案及其相关影响可以跨越与个人、组织、社会系统、物理系统和自然系统相关的经济、物理、环境、健康和身心健康、生态以及其他人类方面。 1.5 本指南中确定的一般原则适用于所有类型的系统，其边界由用户根据系统功能、用途和影响以及特定情况下的其他自然、社会、经济或物理约束来定义。 1.6 应用本指南中的原则将需要知情的评估和实践经验，以确定是否通过应用四项原则和满足项目要求来推进或实现系统弹性目标。 1.7 本指南承认，系统使用或运行的各种环境直接影响其弹性。 1.8 本指南认识到，一个或多个组成部分构成了系统，需要对每个组成部分进行单独评估，同时也是相关系统的一部分，并与相关外部性相关。 1.9 本指南建议了四项一般原则，为规划和设计过程提供信息； 它不建议采取具体行动。本指南不能取代教育或经验，应与知情判断结合使用。 1.10 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.11 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 每个系统都会受到破坏性事件和压力源的影响。事件和压力源可能发生在所有生命周期阶段，并以多种方式和范围影响系统。 为了应对所带来的机遇和挑战，必须定义和理解可能影响系统的事件和压力源的性质。 4.2 有弹性的系统能够更好地承受预期的破坏性事件或压力源。 4.3 从历史破坏性事件中获得的知识有助于系统弹性的设计。然而，基于历史事件的假设可能无法指示未来条件或未来系统运行，或者可能与规范和标准中的设计标准不一致。系统的设计可以承受和限制损害，并支持健康和安全；在最初的系统设计实践中，压力源和功能恢复往往可以得到更有力的解决。提高复原力需要解决系统设计过程和使用寿命中适用事件和压力源的所有复原力原则。 注1: 设计实践受规范、标准、联邦法规和其他适用的行业最佳实践的影响。 弹性，特别是功能和服务的恢复，以及压力源，都是许多系统设计实践的新概念，指导意见正在演变。 4.4 本指南提供了一般性指导，但没有规定具体的行动方案。 4.5 本指南旨在为那些与创建或管理系统相关的人员在考虑其弹性时提供信息。这可能是产品开发团队、设计师或评估团队。 4.6 复原力的一般原则是相互关联的。然而，为了便于澄清，它们尽可能单独讨论。 4.7 本指南中的一般原则旨在确定更具弹性的系统所需的性能，并帮助用户做出提高弹性的决策。 4.8 本指南中确定的一般原则旨在为确定和量化复原力的工具和标准的开发和完善提供信息。 4.9 本指南涵盖一般原则，旨在成为就更具体的主题编写更具体的文件的基础。

1.1 This guide covers general principles related to the resilience of systems, including natural and anthropological systems. 1.2 Resilience is defined by four general principles: planning and preparation, adaptation, withstanding and limiting impacts, and recovery of operations and function. This guide covers the fundamentals for each of the general principles. 1.3 This guide recognizes that, in applying principles of resilience, decision makers often balance opportunities and challenges, as well as the safety and risk associated with each of the general principles and their interdependence. 1.4 This guide recognizes that improved resilience may result from a variety of sources and potential solutions. Solutions and their associated impacts can span economic, physical, environmental, health and wellness, ecological, and other human aspects related to individuals, organizations, social systems, physical systems, and natural systems. 1.5 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to all types of systems, the boundaries of which are defined by the user based upon the system functions, uses, and impacts, as well as other natural, social, economic, or physical constraints for the specific situation. 1.6 Applying the principles in this guide will require informed assessment and practical experience to determine if system resilience goals are advanced or achieved through application of the four principles and meeting project requirements. 1.7 This guide acknowledges that the various contexts in which a system is used or operates directly affects its resilience. 1.8 This guide recognizes that one or more components make up systems, requiring evaluation of each component individually, as well as being part of the relevant system, and in relationship to relevant externalities. 1.9 This guide recommends four general principles to inform planning and design processes; it does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with informed judgment. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Every system is subject to disruptive events and stressors. Events and stressors can occur at all life-cycle stages and affect systems in multiple ways and on a range of scales. It is imperative to define and understand the nature of the events and stressors that may affect a system in order to address the opportunities and challenges presented. 4.2 A resilient system is better able to withstand an anticipated disruptive event or stressor. 4.3 Knowledge from historic disruptive events can aid in the design of system resilience. However, assumptions based on historical events may not be indicative of future conditions or future system operations, or they may not be consistent with design criteria in codes and standards. Systems can be designed to withstand and limit damage and support health and safety; stressors and recovery of function can often be more robustly addressed in initial system design practice. Advancing resilience requires addressing all principles of resilience for applicable events and stressors during the design process and life of the system. Note 1: Design practice is influenced by codes, standards, federal regulations, and other applicable industry best practices. Both resilience, particularly recovery of function and services, and stressors, are new concepts for design practice of many systems, and guidance is evolving. 4.4 This guide provides general guidance but does not prescribe a specific course of action. 4.5 This guide is intended to inform those associated with creating or managing a system when considering its resilience. This could be product development teams, designers, or assessment teams. 4.6 The general principles of resilience are interrelated. However, to facilitate clarity, they are discussed individually as much as possible. 4.7 The general principles in this guide are intended to identify the required performance of more resilient systems and to assist users in making decisions that advance resilience. 4.8 The general principles identified in this guide are intended to inform the development and refinement of tools and standards that qualify and quantify resilience. 4.9 This guide, in covering general principles, is intended to be a basis for the creation of more specific documents on more specific topics.