1.1 本规程涵盖了表土取样，目的是获得代表特定区域的样本，以便随后对选定放射性核素进行化学分析。本规程描述了一种可接受的收集土壤样品进行放射化学分析的方法。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 土壤为测定选定的放射性核素提供了源材料，并作为气载物质沉积的积分器。土壤采样不应用作证明符合空气中适用放射性核素标准的主要测量系统。这应该通过空气采样或测量排放率来实现。土壤采样确实是一个二次系统，在许多情况下，如果事故发生时空气采样不足，则土壤采样是唯一可用的途径。对于许多不溶性放射性核素，对一般人群的主要接触途径是吸入。超铀元素的再悬浮受到了相当多的关注 ( 1. , 2. ) 4. 在土壤中对其进行测量是符合美国环境保护局（EPA）超铀元素暴露指南的一种方法。土壤采样可以为其他目的提供有用的信息，例如植物吸收研究、大气核试验引起的土壤中各种放射性核素的总量以及放射性核素随时间的累积。作为运行前环境监测计划的一部分，土壤采样和分析计划用于确定基线浓度。在编制本规程时考虑了这些标准。 5.2 使用本规程收集的土壤和后续分析可用于监测核设施排放物的放射性核素沉积。 提供此信息所需的关键因素是采样位置、采样时间、采样频率、样本大小以及分析前样本完整性的维护。由于土壤被视为非均匀介质，因此需要多点采样。样本必须代表需要数据的区域中存在的条件。 图1 土壤采样仪器及使用

1.1 This practice covers the sampling of surface soil for the purpose of obtaining a sample representative of a particular area for subsequent chemical analysis of selected radionuclides. This practice describes one acceptable approach to collect soil samples for radiochemical analysis. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Soil provides a source material for the determination of selected radionuclides and serves as an integrator of the deposition of airborne materials. Soil sampling should not be used as the primary measurement system to demonstrate compliance with applicable radionuclides in air standards. This should be done by air sampling or by measuring emission rates. Soil sampling does serve as a secondary system, and in many cases, is the only available avenue if insufficient air sampling occurred at the time of an incident. For many insoluble radionuclides, the primary exposure pathway to the general population is by inhalation. The resuspension of transuranic elements has received considerable attention ( 1 , 2 ) 4 and their measurement in soil is one means of establishing compliance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines on exposure to transuranic elements. Soil sampling can provide useful information for other purposes, such as plant uptake studies, total inventory of various radionuclides in soil due to atmospheric nuclear tests, and the accumulation of radionuclides as a function of time. A soil sampling and analysis program as part of a preoperational environmental monitoring program serves to establish baseline concentrations. Consideration was given to these criteria in preparing this practice. 5.2 Soil collected using this practice and subsequent analysis can be used to monitor radionuclide deposition of emissions from nuclear facilities. The critical factors necessary to provide this information are sampling location, time of sampling, frequency of sampling, sample size, and maintenance of the integrity of the sample prior to analysis. Since the soil is considered to be a heterogeneous medium, multipoint sampling is necessary. The samples must represent the conditions existing in the area for which data are desired. FIG. 1 Soil Sampling Instrument and Use