1.1 大多数原子吸收光谱法、等离子体发射光谱法和等离子体质谱法测试方法要求在将相关金属引入分光光度计之前将其溶解在液相中。这些规程描述了消解或溶解程序，由此可将与样品固体部分相关的分析物金属带入溶液中进行后续分析。包括以下实践: 小节 实践A-用矿物酸和 压力升高 8. 通过 13 实践B-用矿物酸和 常压加热 14 通过 19 使用矿物酸进行瓶内C消化 20 通过 25 1.2 这些做法已被证明适用于各种样品类型和样品基质，在许多情况下，将使感兴趣的分析物金属完全溶解。它们决不是唯一可用的消化程序。 1.3 应提醒这些规程的使用者，这些规程可能无法完全溶解样品固相的所有部分，并且可能无法完全回收所需的分析物金属。 在这些情况下，可以使用其他消化技术来影响样品的完全溶解。用户有责任确保这些做法的有效性，以用于其特定的样品基质，用于其感兴趣的金属。 1.4 本实践假设指南中建立的标准 D3856 可以满足。 1.5 选择这些消化程序是因为其应用广泛、成本低和易于使用。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值是英寸的数学转换- 磅单位仅供参考，不被视为标准单位。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 第节给出了具体的危险说明 6. . 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 测定水中的金属通常需要测量总（悬浮和溶解）金属以及可溶性（溶解）金属。在这种情况下，必须使用一致和可靠的消解程序，以便得出的总金属含量数据是可靠的。 4.2 给出的规程适用于多种样品类型，以便通过原子吸收分光光度法或等离子体发射光谱法为金属分析制备样品（见试验方法 D1976 实践 D3919 实践 D4691 ，以及试验方法 D4190 )或等离子体质谱（见试验方法 D5673 )并已证明在以下基质中具有良好的回收率:工业废水；废水处理厂进水、污泥、脱水污泥和废水；河流和湖水；以及动植物组织。表现出良好回收率的元素包括:铜、镍、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰、镁和钙。 4.2.1 由于每个样品的独特特性，可能无法始终实现所示样品类型和金属的良好回收。 用户必须始终针对其特定样本验证实践。 4.3 应用这些方法后获得的分析结果不一定被视为生物有效性或环境可用元素的衡量标准。 4.4 当应用于同一样品时，这三种方法可能不会产生相同的回收率，也不一定会产生与使用其他消化技术相同的结果。另一种消化技术是实践 D4309 .

1.1 Most atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy, and plasma-mass spectrometric test methods require that the metals of interest be dissolved in a liquid phase before being introduced into the spectrophotometer. These practices describe digestion or dissolution procedures whereby analyte metals associated with the solid fraction of a sample can be brought into solution for subsequent analysis. The following practices are included: Sections Practice A—Digestion with Mineral Acids and Elevated Pressure 8 through 13 Practice B—Digestion with Mineral Acids and Heating at Atmospheric Pressure 14 through 19 Practice C—In-Bottle Digestion with Mineral Acids 20 through 25 1.2 These practices have been demonstrated to be applicable to a wide variety of sample types and sample matrices, and in many cases, will give complete dissolution of the analyte metals of interest. They are by no means the only digestion procedures available. 1.3 The user of these practices should be cautioned that these practices may not completely dissolve all portions of a sample's solid phase and may not give complete recovery of the desired analyte metals. In these cases, other digestion techniques are available that will effect complete dissolution of a sample. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these practices for use on their particular sample matrix, for their metals of interest. 1.4 This practice assumes that the criteria established in Guide D3856 can be met. 1.5 These digestion procedures have been selected for their wide application, low cost, and ease of use. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6 . 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The determination of metals in water often requires the measurement of total (suspended and dissolved) metals as well as soluble (dissolved) metals. In such cases, consistent and dependable digestion procedures must be used so that data derived for the total metals content is reliable. 4.2 The practices given are applicable to a wide variety of sample types for the purpose of preparing a sample for metals analyses by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or plasma emission spectroscopy (see Test Method D1976 , Practice D3919 , Practice D4691 , and Test Method D4190 ) or plasma-mass spectrometry (see Test Method D5673 ) and have been shown to give good recovery in the following matrices: industrial effluents; waste water treatment plant influents, sludges, dewatered sludges, and effluents; river and lake waters; and plant and animal tissues. Elements which have shown good recovery include: copper, nickel, lead, zinc, cadmium, iron, manganese, magnesium, and calcium. 4.2.1 Good recovery for the indicated sample types and metals may not be achieved at all times due to each sample's unique characteristics. Users must always validate the practice for their particular samples. 4.3 The analytical results achieved after applying these practices cannot necessarily be deemed as a measure of bioavailable or environmentally available elements. 4.4 These three practices may not give the same recovery when applied to the same sample, nor will they necessarily give the same results as achieved using other digestion techniques. An alternate digestion technique is Practice D4309 .