1.1 本指南提供了从垃圾堆中获取代表性样本的指南。为现场评估、采样设计、设备选择和数据解释提供指导。 1.2 废物堆包括主要用于废物储存或处置的区域，包括地面以上的旱地处置装置。本指南适用于城市垃圾堆的采样。 1.3 本指南阐述了采样设计和采样方法的选择如何取决于桩的特定特征。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4.1 例外情况- 括号中的英寸-磅单位仅供参考，不被视为标准单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南旨在为垃圾堆采样提供指导。它可用于获取与使用、处理或处置相关的废物特征样品； 监测活动桩；准备关闭垃圾堆；或者调查废弃垃圾堆的内容。 4.2 用于采样的技术包括对桩的就地评估和物理移除样本。现场评估包括遥感、现场气体分析和渗透性等技术。 4.3 垃圾堆的取样策略取决于以下因素: 4.3.1 项目目标，包括决策时可接受的错误水平； 4.3.2 桩的物理特性，例如其尺寸和配置、进入其所有部分以及桩的稳定性； 4.3.3 产生废物的过程和废物特性，如危险化学或物理特性，废物是否由污泥、干粉、颗粒或较大颗粒材料组成，以及废物的异质性； 4.3.4 桩的历史，包括生成日期、搬运和运输方法以及当前的管理方法； 4.3.5 监管考虑因素，如监管分类和特征数据；和 4.3.6 采样方法的限制和偏差，包括废物异质性、采样设计和采样设备可能引入的偏差。 4.4 建议将本指南与指南结合使用 D4687 ，其中涉及抽样设计、质量保证、一般抽样考虑、保存和集装箱化、清洁设备、包装和监管链。 4.5 垃圾堆调查的案例记录包含在 附录X1 .

1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation. 1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal units. This guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste piles. 1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4.1 Exception— The inch-pound units in parentheses are included for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for sampling waste piles. It can be used to obtain samples for waste characterization related to use, treatment, or disposal; to monitor an active pile; to prepare for closure of the waste pile; or to investigate the contents of an abandoned pile. 4.2 Techniques used to sample include both in-place evaluations of the pile and physically removing a sample. In-place evaluations include techniques such as remote sensing, on-site gas analysis, and permeability. 4.3 Sampling strategy for waste piles is dependent on the following: 4.3.1 Project objectives, including acceptable levels of error when making decisions; 4.3.2 Physical characteristics of the pile, such as its size and configuration, access to all parts of it, and the stability of the pile; 4.3.3 Process that generated the waste and the waste characteristics, such as hazardous chemical or physical properties, whether the waste consists of sludges, dry powders, granules or larger grained materials, and the heterogeneity of the wastes; 4.3.4 History of the pile, including dates of generation, methods of handling and transport, and current management methods; 4.3.5 Regulatory considerations, such as regulatory classification and characterization data; and 4.3.6 Limits and bias of sampling methods, including bias that may be introduced by waste heterogeneity, sampling design, and sampling equipment. 4.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687 , which addresses sampling design, quality assurance, general sampling considerations, preservation and containerization, cleaning equipment, packaging, and chain of custody. 4.5 A case history of the investigation of a waste pile is included in Appendix X1 .