1.1本试验方法涵盖了一种发动机试验程序，用于测量汽车发动机油对乘用车和轻型3856 kg（8500 lb）或以下车辆总重卡车燃油经济性的影响。使用规定的4.6升火花点火发动机在测功机试验台上进行试验。它适用于这些应用中使用的多粘度等级油。规范D4485的最新版本中讨论了用于评估发动机机油性能的配套测试方法。 1.2以国际单位或其他单位表示的数值应单独视为标准。在本文中，国际单位首先表示，其他单位显示在括号中。 每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用，不得以任何方式组合数值。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4本试验方法安排如下: 主题 部分 介绍 范围 1. 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 试验方法总结 4. 意义和用途 5. 仪器 6. 全体的 6.1 测试发动机配置 6.2 实验室环境条件 6.3 发动机转速和负载控制 6.4 发动机冷却系统 6.5 外部油系统 6.6 燃油系统 6.7 发动机进气供应 6.8 温度测量 6.9 AFR测定 6.10 排气和排气背压系统 6.11 压力测量和压力传感器位置 6.12 发动机硬件和相关设备 6.13 与发动机操作相关的其他设备 6.14 试剂和材料 7. 发动机机油 7.1 试验燃料 7.2 发动机冷却液 7.3 清洁材料 7.4 密封化合物 7.5 仪器的准备 8. 试验台准备 8.2 发动机准备 9 清洁发动机零件 9.2 发动机装配程序 9.3 总装配说明 9.3.1 螺栓扭矩规格 9.3.2 密封化合物 9.3.3 每台新发动机所需的新零件 9.3.4 谐波平衡器 9.3.5 油底壳 9.3.6 进气歧管 9.3.7 凸轮轴盖 9.3.8 恒温器 9.3.9 节温器壳体 9.3.10 冷却液进口 9.3.11 机油滤清器适配器 9.3.12 油尺管 9.3.13 水泵 9.3.14 传感器、开关、阀门和定位器 9.3.15 点火系统 9.3.16 燃油喷射系统 9.3.17 进气系统 9.3.18 发动机管理系统（火花和燃油控制） 9.3.19 附件驱动装置 9.3.20 排气歧管 9.3.21 发动机飞轮和护罩 9.3.22 组装发动机的起吊 9.3.23 引擎支架 9.3.24 标定 10 BC测试前验证 10.1 发动机/试验台校准 10.2 程序 10.2.1 参考结果报告 10.2.2 标准油的分析 10.2.3 冲洗效果演示 10.2.4 仪器校准 10.3 发动机负荷测量系统 10.3.1 燃油流量测量系统 10.3.2 冷却剂流量测量系统 10.3.3 热电偶和温度测量系统 10.3.4 湿度测量系统 10.3.5 其他仪表 10.3.6 试验程序 11 新发动机初始启动准备 11.1 初始发动机启动 11.2 冷却液冲洗 11.3 新发动机磨合 11.4 常规测试操作 11.5 启动和关闭程序 11.5.8 飞行冲洗换油程序 11.5.9 测试操作阶段 11.5.10 稳定到阶段条件 11.5.11 稳定的BSFC测量周期 11.5.12 数据记录 11.5.13 测试油前BC油的BC油冲洗程序 11.5.14 BSFC在测试油之前测量BC油 11.5.15 试验油冲洗程序 11.5.16 试验油老化 11.5.17 老化试验油的BSFC测量 11.5.18 测试油后BC油的BC油冲洗程序 11.5.19 测试油后BC油的BSFC测量 11.5.20 通用测试数据记录表 11.5.21 诊断审查程序 11.5.22 测试结果的确定 12 最终测试报告 13 有效性声明 13.1 报告格式 13.2 精确性、有效性和偏差 14 精确 14.1 有效性 14.2 试验台校准状态 14.2.1 异常操作条件的有效性解释 14.2.2 关键词 15 附件 ASTM测试监测中心的作用 附件A1 仪器的详细规格和图纸 附件A2 油加热器Cerrobase加注程序 附件A3 发动机零件号清单 附件A4 飞行刷新检查表 附件A5 安全注意事项 附录A6 报告格式 附件A7 停机位/发动机严重性调整（SA）的控制图技术 附录A8 均值和标准差的统计方程 附录A9 喷油器评估 附件A10 测试前维护检查表 附录A11 附录 测试材料的采购 附录X1 数据字典 附录X2

1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty 3856 kg (8500 lb), or less, gross vehicle weight trucks. The tests are conducted using a specified 4.6-L spark-ignition engine on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multiviscosity grade oils used in these applications. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or other units shall be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are stated first with the other units shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Subject Section Introduction Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6 General 6.1 Test Engine Configuration 6.2 Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3 Engine Speed and Load Control 6.4 Engine Cooling System 6.5 External Oil System 6.6 Fuel System 6.7 Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8 Temperature Measurement 6.9 AFR Determination 6.10 Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11 Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations 6.12 Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13 Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation 6.14 Reagents and Materials 7 Engine Oil 7.1 Test Fuel 7.2 Engine Coolant 7.3 Cleaning Materials 7.4 Sealing Compounds 7.5 Preparation of Apparatus 8 Test Stand Preparation 8.2 Engine Preparation 9 Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.2 Engine Assembly Procedure 9.3 General Assembly Instructions 9.3.1 Bolt Torque Specifications 9.3.2 Sealing Compounds 9.3.3 New Parts Required for Each New Engine 9.3.4 Harmonic Balancer 9.3.5 Oil Pan 9.3.6 Intake Manifold 9.3.7 Camshaft Covers 9.3.8 Thermostat 9.3.9 Thermostat Housing 9.3.10 Coolant Inlet 9.3.11 Oil Filter Adapter 9.3.12 Dipstick Tube 9.3.13 Water Pump 9.3.14 Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioners 9.3.15 Ignition System 9.3.16 Fuel Injection System 9.3.17 Intake Air System 9.3.18 Engine Management System (Spark and Fuel Control) 9.3.19 Accessory Drive Units 9.3.20 Exhaust Manifolds 9.3.21 Engine Flywheel and Guards 9.3.22 Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.3.23 Engine Mounts 9.3.24 Calibration 10 BC Pre-Test Verification 10.1 Engine/Test Stand Calibration 10.2 Procedure 10.2.1 Reporting of Reference Results 10.2.2 Analysis of Reference Oils 10.2.3 Flush Effectiveness Demonstration 10.2.4 Instrument Calibration 10.3 Engine Load Measurement System 10.3.1 Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.3.2 Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.3.3 Thermocouple and Temperature Measurement System 10.3.4 Humidity Measurement System 10.3.5 Other Instrumentation 10.3.6 Test Procedure 11 Preparation for Initial Start-Up of New Engine 11.1 Initial Engine Start-Up 11.2 Coolant Flush 11.3 New Engine Break-In 11.4 Routine Test Operation 11.5 Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures 11.5.8 Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures 11.5.9 Test Operating Stages 11.5.10 Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.5.11 Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.5.12 Data Logging 11.5.13 BC Oil Flush Procedure for BC Oil Before Test Oil 11.5.14 BSFC Measurement of BC Oil Before Test Oil 11.5.15 Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.5.16 Test Oil Aging 11.5.17 BSFC Measurement of Aged Test Oil 11.5.18 BC Oil Flush Procedure for BC Oil After Test Oil 11.5.19 BSFC Measurement for BC Oil After Test Oil 11.5.20 General Test Data Logging Forms 11.5.21 Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.5.22 Determination of Test Results 12 Final Test Report 13 Validity Statement 13.1 Report Format 13.2 Precision, Validity, and Bias 14 Precision 14.1 Validity 14.2 Test Stand Calibration Status 14.2.1 Validity Interpretation of Deviant Operational Conditions 14.2.2 Keywords 15 ANNEXES Role of ASTM Test Monitoring Center Annex A1 Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A2 Oil Heater Cerrobase Refill Procedure Annex A3 Engine Part Number Listing Annex A4 Flying Flush Checklists Annex A5 Safety Precautions Annex A6 Report Format Annex A7 Control Chart Technique for Stand/Engine Severity Adjustment (SA) Annex A8 Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation Annex A9 Fuel Injector Evaluation Annex A10 Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A11 APPENDIXES Procurement of Test Materials Appendix X1 Data Dictionary Appendix X2