1.1 本标准附件中提供的数字参考图像说明了钛铸件中出现的各种类型和程度的不连续性。 2. 使用本标准对铸件进行规范或分级要求采购适当的辅助数字参考图像，以说明不连续性类型和严重程度。它们旨在提供以下内容: 1.1.1 通过数字射线照相检查，能够识别钛铸件不连续性及其类型和程度的区别的指南。 1.1.2 不连续性的数字射线照相图解示例以及验收标准、规范和图纸中的参考术语。 1.2 数字参考图像由25个数字文件组成，每个数字文件显示了八个级别的严重程度。 第一卷文件说明了七种常见的不连续性类型，代表1 in.（25.4 mm）以下的铸件截面。第二卷文件说明了五种不连续类型，代表厚度超过1 in.（25.4 mm）至2 in.（50.8 mm）的铸件截面。 1.3 本标准的所有领域都可以在认可的工程组织和供应商之间达成协议，或接受认可工程组织的具体指导。这些项目应在采购订单或合同中说明。 注1: 数字参考图像可从ASTM国际总部获得。订单号RRE2669和RRE266902。每个数字参考图像都包含一个阶梯密度标尺和两个双工线规的图像。参考实践 2002年 有关线对的详细信息。最初，只有卷I图像可用，一些集合可能仅将其标识为RRE2669，而没有卷名称。 它们作为卷I图像使用仍然有效。 1.4 单位- 以英寸-磅单位表示的值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是对SI单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.5 这些数字参考图像并非用于说明进行胶片射线照相时的不连续性类型或程度。如果对钛铸件进行胶片射线照相，请参考参考射线照相 第320页 . 1.6 只有软件和图像的许可副本才能用于生产检查。ASTM/用户许可协议的副本应存档，以供审核。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 根据本标准使用参考射线照片的人员应有资格根据国家或国际公认的无损检测人员资格实践或标准进行射线照相判读，并经雇主或认证机构（如适用）认证。所使用的实践或标准及其适用修订应在使用方之间的合同协议中确定。如果需要帮助解释适用于参考射线照片的规范和产品要求，则在做出接受/拒绝决定之前，应咨询经认证的III级人员（如果III级人员是射线照相口译员，则可能是同一个人）。 4.2 这些数字参考图像仅用于参考，但其设计使得可针对特定要求制定的验收标准可根据这些数字参考图进行规定。图示是在设计用于形成不连续性的条件下生产的铸件的数字图像。 4.2.1 厚度标注的适用性: 4.2.1.1 不连续类型、图示厚度和适用厚度范围总结于 表1 对于卷I图像和 表2 第二卷图像。 4.3 图像恶化- 许多条件会影响数字参考图像的外观和功能。例如，电气干扰、硬件不兼容以及损坏的文件和驱动程序可能会影响其外观。 实践 2002年 位于每个数字参考图像中的线对量规可以用作通过将使用量规测量的分辨率与数字参考图像上规定的分辨率进行比较来检测图像劣化的辅助。如果数字参考图像的外观受到不利影响，从而影响图像的解释和使用，请勿使用数字参考图像。 4.4 认可的工程组织和供应商之间应达成协议，即供应商使用的系统能够检测和分类所需的不连续性。

1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjuncts to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in titanium castings. 2 Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the appropriate adjunct digital reference images, which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following: 1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of titanium casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through digital radiographic examination. 1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings. 1.2 The digital reference images consist of twenty-five digital files each illustrating eight grades of increasing severity. The Volume I files illustrate seven common discontinuity types representing casting sections up to 1 in. (25.4 mm). The Volume II files illustrate five discontinuity types representing casting sections over 1 in. (25.4 mm) to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness. 1.3 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract. Note 1: The digital reference images are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order number RRE2669 and RRE266902. Each of the digital reference images contain an image of a step density scale and two duplex-wire gauges. Refer to Practice E2002 for wire pair details. Originally, only Volume I images were available and some sets may identify these only as RRE2669 without a volume designation. They remain valid for use as Volume I images. 1.4 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types or degrees of discontinuities when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of titanium castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E1320 . 1.6 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Personnel utilizing reference radiographs to this standard shall be qualified to perform radiographic interpretation in accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. The practice or standard used and its applicable revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement between the using parties. If assistance is needed with interpreting specifications and product requirements as applied to the reference radiographs, a certified Level III shall be consulted before accept/reject decisions are made (if the Level III is the radiographic interpreter, this may be the same person). 4.2 These digital reference images are intended for reference only, but are designed such that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can be specified in terms of these digital reference images. The illustrations are digital images of castings that were produced under conditions designed to develop the discontinuities. 4.2.1 Applicability of Thickness Designations: 4.2.1.1 The discontinuity types, illustrated thickness and applicable thickness range are summarized in Table 1 for the Volume I images and in Table 2 for the Volume II images. 4.3 Image Deterioration— Many conditions can affect the appearance and functionality of digital reference images. For example, electrical interference, hardware incompatibilities, and corrupted files and drivers may affect their appearance. The Practice E2002 line pair gauges located in each digital reference image can be used as an aid to detect image deterioration by comparing the measured resolution using the gauges to the resolution stated on the digital reference image. Do not use the digital reference images if their appearance has been adversely affected such that the interpretation and use of the images could be influenced. 4.4 Agreement should be reached between cognizant engineering organization and the supplier that the system used by the supplier is capable of detecting and classifying the required discontinuities.